scholarly journals Complexity of the Microglial Activation Pathways that Drive Innate Host Responses During Lethal Alphavirus Encephalitis in Mice

ASN NEURO ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. AN20120016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufer Esen ◽  
Pennelope K Blakely ◽  
Emily K Rainey-Barger ◽  
David N Irani
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Activation Pathways

Inflammational Animal Models for Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Juckel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Immunological System

Abstract. Inflammational-immunological processes within the pathophysiology of schizophrenia seem to play an important role. Early signals of neurobiological changes in the embryonal phase of brain in later patients with schizophrenia might lead to activation of the immunological system, for example, of cytokines and microglial cells. Microglia then induces – via the neurotoxic activities of these cells as an overreaction – a rarification of synaptic connections in frontal and temporal brain regions, that is, reduction of the neuropil. Promising inflammational animal models for schizophrenia with high validity can be used today to mimic behavioral as well as neurobiological findings in patients, for example, the well-known neurochemical alterations of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and other neurotransmitter systems. Also the microglial activation can be modeled well within one of this models, that is, the inflammational PolyI:C animal model of schizophrenia, showing a time peak in late adolescence/early adulthood. The exact mechanism, by which activated microglia cells then triggers further neurodegeneration, must now be investigated in broader detail. Thus, these animal models can be used to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia better especially concerning the interaction of immune activation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This could also lead to the development of anti-inflammational treatment options and of preventive interventions.

The Impact of Timing of Microglial Activation by Inflammation and Hypoxia Regarding Additive Neurotoxic Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jung ◽  
D. Frey ◽  
F. Brackmann ◽  
M. Richter-Kraus ◽  
R. Trollmann
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
The Impact

1769-P: Microglial Activation and Inactivation via Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) Alters Peripheral Glucose Homeostasis

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1769-P
Author(s):  
KELLY M. NESS ◽  
JOHN DOUGLASS ◽  
MARTIN VALDEARCOS-CONTRERAS ◽  
MAURICIO D. DORFMAN ◽  
ANZELA NIRAULA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Designer Drugs
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