scholarly journals Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Studies of 3-Substituted Indoles Accessed by a Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkene Difunctionalization Reaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (23) ◽  
pp. 7870-7871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas P. Pathak ◽  
Keith M. Gligorich ◽  
Bryan E. Welm ◽  
Matthew S. Sigman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Studies ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Alkene Difunctionalization

Modification of the Electron Microscope for Investigation of Fully Hydrated Biological Specimens

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 418-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Beam Damage

Short lifetime or total absence of electron diffraction of ordered biological specimens is an indication that the specimen undergoes extensive molecular structural damage in the electron microscope. The specimen damage is due to the interaction of the electron beam (40-100 kV) with the specimen and the total removal of water from the structure by vacuum drying. The lower percentage of inelastic scattering at 1 MeV makes it possible to minimize the beam damage to the specimen. The elimination of vacuum drying by modification of the electron microscope is expected to allow more meaningful investigations of biological specimens at 100 kV until 1 MeV electron microscopes become more readily available. One modification, two-film microchambers, has been explored for both biological and non-biological studies.

Design of Sensitive Photographic Materials for the High-Voltage Electron Microscope

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Murray Vernon King ◽  
Donald F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Electrons ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Effective application of the high-voltage electron microscope to a wide variety of biological studies has been restricted by the radiation sensitivity of biological systems. The problem of radiation damage has been recognized as a serious factor influencing the amount of information attainable from biological specimens in electron microscopy at conventional voltages around 100 kV. The problem proves to be even more severe at higher voltages around 1 MV. In this range, the problem is the relatively low sensitivity of the existing recording media, which entails inordinately long exposures that give rise to severe radiation damage. This low sensitivity arises from the small linear energy transfer for fast electrons. Few developable grains are created in the emulsion per electron, while most of the energy of the electrons is wasted in the film base.

Application of stereological analysis of cell volume to isolated myocytes in culture with and without adrenergic innervation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Jane K. Rosenthal ◽  
Dianne L. Atkins ◽  
William J. Marvin ◽  
Penny A. Krumm
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Primary Culture Cell ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Cell Volumes

To comprehend structural changes in cardiac myocytes accompanying adrenergic innervation, it is essential that a three dimensional analysis be performed. To date, biological studies which utilize stereological methods have been limited to cells in tissue and in organs. Our laboratory has utilized current stereological techniques for measuring absolute volumes of individual myocytes in primary culture. Cell volumes are calculated for two distinct groups of cells at 96 hours in culture: isolated myocytes and myocytes innervated with adrenergic neurons (Figure 1).Cardiac myocytes are cultured from the ventricular apices of newborn rats. Cells are plated directly onto tissue culture dishes with or without preplated explants from the paravertebral thoracolumbar sympathetic chain. On day four cultures are photographed and marked for one-to-one cell location. Following conventional fixation and embeddment in eponate-12, the cells are relocated and mounted for microtomy. The cells are completely sectioned at 120nm in their parallel orientation to the surface of the dish (Figure 2). Serial sections are collected on formvar coated slotted grids and are recorded in sequence.

Synthesis of S-aryl thioesters via palladium-catalyzed thiocarbonylation of aryl iodides and aryl sulfonyl hydrazides

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 2938-2943
Author(s):  
Yeojin Kim ◽  
Kwang Ho Song ◽  
Sunwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Iodide ◽  
Aryl Iodides ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed

Aryl sulfonyl hydrazide reacted with aryl iodide in the presence of CO to give the corresponding S-aryl thioesters.

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