Humic Substances:  Molecular Details and Applications in Land and Water Conservation Edited by Elham A Ghabbour (Northeastern University, Boston and Soil, Water and Environmental Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt) and Geoffrey Davies (Northeastern University). Taylor and Francis, Inc.:  New York. 2005. xviii + 268 pp. $119.95. ISBN 1-59169-031-5.

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (45) ◽  
pp. 15989-15990
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Research Institute

Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Field Grown Peanut

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Balota ◽  
Steve McGrath ◽  
Thomas G. Isleib ◽  
Shyam Tallury
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Water deficit, i.e., rainfall amounts and distribution, is the most common abiotic stress that limits peanut production worldwide. Even though extensive research efforts have been made to improve drought tolerance in peanut, performance of genotypes largely depends upon the environment in which they grow. Based on greenhouse experiments, it has been hypothesized that stomata closure under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a mechanism of soil water conservation and it has been shown that genotypic variation for the response of transpiration rate to VPD in peanut exists. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and VPD for field grown peanut in Virginia-Carolina (VC) rainfed environments. In 2009, thirty virginia-type peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for gs at several times before and after rain events, including a moisture stress episode. In 2010, eighteen genotypes were evaluated for gs under soil water deficit. In 2009, VPD ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 kPa and in 2010 from 1.78 to 3.57 kPa. Under water deficit, genotype and year showed a significant effect on gs (P  =  0.0001), but the genotype × year interaction did not. During the water deficit episodes while recorded gs values were relatively high, gs was negatively related to VPD (R2  =  0.57, n  =  180 in 2009; R2  =  0.47, n  =  108 in 2010), suggesting that stomata closure is indeed a water conservation mechanism for field grown peanut. However, a wide range of slopes among genotype were observed in both years. Genotypes with significant negative relationships of gs and VPD under water deficit in both years were Florida Fancy, Gregory, N04074FCT, NC-V11, and VA-98R. While Florida Fancy, Gregory, and NC-V11 are known to be high yielding cultivars, VA-98R and line N04074FCT are not. The benefit of stomatal closure during drought episodes in the VC environments is further discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Sanitary and parasitological monitoring of environmental objects in the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
T. I. Tverdokhlebova ◽  
L. L. Dimidova ◽  
I. V. Khutoryanina ◽  
M. P. Chernikova ◽  
O. S. Dumbadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Open Surface ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
Research Institute

Objective: to study the sanitary condition of various environmental objects of the Rostov region and the degree of their contamination.Materials and methods: in the period from 2015 to 2019, more than 5600 sanitary and parasitological studies of environmental objects of the Rostov region were performed on the basis of the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology: waste water and its precipitation, soil, water of open surface reservoirs. The work was carried out in accordance with the accepted normative documents.Results: it was found that 33.4 % of all tested samples were positive, and 1.4% of the samples contained viable eggs of various pathogens of helminthiasis and did not meet the requirements of regulatory documents.Conclusions: the results of the study indicate that the environmental objects of the Rostov region are polluted with parasitic pathogens and their unsatisfactory sanitary and parasitological condition.

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