Reactions of Carbon Monoxide at High Temperature. I. A New Synthesis of Phthalic Anhydrides

1956 ◽  
Vol 78 (23) ◽  
pp. 6137-6139 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Phthalic Anhydrides

Design and use of an Efficient Plasma Jet Reactor for High Temperature Gas/Solid Reactions

1983 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Giacobbe ◽  
D. W. Schmerling
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Discharge Region ◽  
Plasma Flame ◽  
Powdered Carbon ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Experimental Trials

ABSTRACTA unique and efficient plasma jet reactor has been developed and used to study the high temperature production of carbon monoxide from a reaction between powdered carbon and a pure carbon dioxide plasma. The plasma jet reactor was designed to allow the injection of powdered carbon above the arc discharge region rather than into the plasma flame below the arc discharge region. High yields of carbon monoxide, produced at relatively high efficiencies, were a direct result of this technique. The plasma jet was also designed to enable rapid changing and testing of various anode insertsAverage yields of carbon monoxide in the product gases were as high as 80–87% in selected experimental trials. Carbon monoxide was produced at rates exceeding 15,000 1/hr (at STP) with a power expenditure of 52 Kw.

scholarly journals Use of waste material mixtures for energy purposes in small combustion devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malaťák ◽  
J. Bradna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coal Sludge ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Emission Limits

The article assesses the energy use of solid biofuels (wheat and rape straw) and their blends with suitable additives (cocoa husks, brown coal and coal sludge). The elemental and stoichiometric analysis evaluates their suitability for energy recovery. Furthermore, thermal emission characteristics in automatic hot water boiler VERNER A251 are observed. The results of thermal emission measurements show that all samples meet the requirements of the Directive No. 13/2006 for carbon monoxide (2,000 mg/m<sup>3</sup>). The average nitrogen oxides emission concentrations exceed emission limits compared with the Directive No. 13/2006 (250 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) for all samples of solid biofuels. One reason is the high temperature in the combustion chamber that increases combustion temperature and results in high temperature of nitrogen oxides. Another problem is carbon monoxide that depends on the coefficient of excess air. The value of this coefficient drops under its optimum (2.5) and subsequently follows an increasing trend. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The ignition of gases by condenser discharge sparks

1914 ◽  
Vol 91 (623) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Current Break ◽  
Continuous Current ◽  
Parabolic Form

1.It may be taken as an axiom of electrical ignition that the closer its conditions resemble those in the explosion wave front the more readily will it occur. These conditions are high temperature and pressure, and in the case of hydrocarbons combustion to carbon monoxide. They are also characteristic of condenser discharge sparks, for in the first place the surface of a platinum pole to which condenser discharge has been made becomes pitted to a remarkable extent, greater than when large currents are broken by separation of the poles. The sparks have therefore a high temperature. That they give rise to high gas pressure is clear from the intensity of the sound of a single spark discharge, and finally it will be shown that combustion to carbon monoxide rather than to carbon dioxide is peculiar in certain cases to ignition by capacity sparks. In addition to these the sparks are of very short duration, are oscillatory in character, and start with ionisation or breakdown of the gas between the poles. The belief that all visible sparks will ignite explosive mixtures no doubt arose from observations of the activity of condenser discharge in this respect, but while in certain cases, especially in the ignition of hydrogen, the least is in every case a well marked limit to their igniting power, and as the percentage of gas limits of inflammability are approached they require to be large. 2. The Paraffins—Ethane, Propane, and Butane .—The gases used in the present work were from the same stocks as those used for break-spark ignition. The results obtained from them are given in fig. 1. They have two interesting features; their minimum igniting current is the same in every case, in this resembling their ignition by continuous current break-sparks, but they have the parabolic form characteristic of alternating current break-spark ignition. Ethane has, however, a minimum at 7∙7 per cent., the point of combustion to carbon monoxide, the others, as before, midway between this and combustion to carbon dioxide. There is, however, on the higher side of the ethane and propane curves—the supply of butane gave out before this could be examined fully—a step or increase in difficulty of ignition corresponding to mixtures midway between four and five atoms of oxygen to one molecule of ethane, and between six and seven to one of propane. This point was thought to be some failure in the quality of the gas, but when it appeared in both, and to a still greater extent in methane, it was more fully examined. Condenser-spark ignition has therefore some of the features of both continuous and low frequency alternating current break-spark ignition, but it has a characteristic type of its own.

scholarly journals Hydroxyl, water, ammonia, carbon monoxide and neutral carbon towards the Sgr A complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S303) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
R. Karlsson ◽  
Aa. Sandqvist ◽  
Å. Hjalmarson ◽  
A. Winnberg ◽  
K. Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Circumnuclear Disk ◽  
Sgr A ◽  
Grain Surface ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Temperature Gas

AbstractWe observed Hydroxyl, water, ammonia, carbon monoxide and neutral carbon towards the +50 km s−1 cloud (M−0.02−0.07), the circumnuclear disk (CND) and the +20 km s−1 (M−0.13−0.08) cloud in the Sgr A complex with the VLA, Odin and SEST. Strong OH absorption, H2O emission and absorption lines were seen at all three positions. Strong C18O emissions were seen towards the +50 and +20 km s−1 clouds. The CND is rich in H2O and OH, and these abundances are considerably higher than in the surrounding clouds, indicating that shocks, star formation and clump collisions prevail in those objects. A comparison with the literature reveals that it is likely that PDR chemistry including grain surface reactions, and perhaps also the influences of shocks has led to the observed abundances of the observed molecular species studied here. In the redward high-velocity line wings of both the +50 and +20 km s−1 clouds and the CND, the very high H2O abundances are suggested to be caused by the combined action of shock desorption from icy grain mantles and high-temperature, gas-phase shock chemistry. Only three of the molecules are briefly discussed here. For OH and H2O three of the nine observed positions are shown, while a map of the C18O emission is provided. An extensive paper was recently published with Open Access (Karlsson et al. 2013, A&A 554, A141).

scholarly journals Carbon Monoxide Potentiates High Temperature-Induced Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tielong Cheng ◽  
Liwei Hu ◽  
Pengkai Wang ◽  
Xiuyan Yang ◽  
Ye Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nicotine Biosynthesis
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