ChemInform Abstract: CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF IRON-BASE ALLOYS IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN-BASE GAS MIXTURE 80% HYDROGEN + 15% CARBON MONOXIDE + 5% CARBON DIOXIDE

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SHIKAMA ◽  
T. TANABE ◽  
Y. SAKAI ◽  
M. FUJITSUKA ◽  
H. YOSHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Iron Base ◽  
Base Gas

Corrosion Behavior of Iron-Base Alloys in the High-Temperature Hydrogen-Base Gas Mixture 88% H2 + 15% CO + 5% CO2

1981 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Shikama ◽  
Tatsuhiko Tanabe ◽  
Yoshikazu Sakai ◽  
Masakazu Fujitsuka ◽  
Heitaro Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Iron Base ◽  
Base Gas

scholarly journals The ignition of gases by condenser discharge sparks

1914 ◽  
Vol 91 (623) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Current Break ◽  
Continuous Current ◽  
Parabolic Form

1.It may be taken as an axiom of electrical ignition that the closer its conditions resemble those in the explosion wave front the more readily will it occur. These conditions are high temperature and pressure, and in the case of hydrocarbons combustion to carbon monoxide. They are also characteristic of condenser discharge sparks, for in the first place the surface of a platinum pole to which condenser discharge has been made becomes pitted to a remarkable extent, greater than when large currents are broken by separation of the poles. The sparks have therefore a high temperature. That they give rise to high gas pressure is clear from the intensity of the sound of a single spark discharge, and finally it will be shown that combustion to carbon monoxide rather than to carbon dioxide is peculiar in certain cases to ignition by capacity sparks. In addition to these the sparks are of very short duration, are oscillatory in character, and start with ionisation or breakdown of the gas between the poles. The belief that all visible sparks will ignite explosive mixtures no doubt arose from observations of the activity of condenser discharge in this respect, but while in certain cases, especially in the ignition of hydrogen, the least is in every case a well marked limit to their igniting power, and as the percentage of gas limits of inflammability are approached they require to be large. 2. The Paraffins—Ethane, Propane, and Butane .—The gases used in the present work were from the same stocks as those used for break-spark ignition. The results obtained from them are given in fig. 1. They have two interesting features; their minimum igniting current is the same in every case, in this resembling their ignition by continuous current break-sparks, but they have the parabolic form characteristic of alternating current break-spark ignition. Ethane has, however, a minimum at 7∙7 per cent., the point of combustion to carbon monoxide, the others, as before, midway between this and combustion to carbon dioxide. There is, however, on the higher side of the ethane and propane curves—the supply of butane gave out before this could be examined fully—a step or increase in difficulty of ignition corresponding to mixtures midway between four and five atoms of oxygen to one molecule of ethane, and between six and seven to one of propane. This point was thought to be some failure in the quality of the gas, but when it appeared in both, and to a still greater extent in methane, it was more fully examined. Condenser-spark ignition has therefore some of the features of both continuous and low frequency alternating current break-spark ignition, but it has a characteristic type of its own.

scholarly journals The Formation of the Oxides of Carbon by the Pyrolysis of Tobacco

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
High Temperature Region ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Carbon Oxides ◽  
Decomposition Reactions

AbstractFlue-cured Virginia tobacco has been heated in nitrogen and nitrogen/oxygen mixtures under flow conditions, and the rate of formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide has been determined as a function of temperature, heating rate, and proportion of oxygen in the gas. When the tobacco is heated in nitrogen at heating rates comparable to those in a smouldering cigarette, 27 % of the carbon content of the tobacco is converted to carbon oxides. Both carbon oxides show two distinct formation regions: a low-temperature region (about 100°-450°C), and a high-temperature region (about 550°-900°C). These temperature limits are almost identical to those predicted from studies on the combustion coal of a cigarette burning in air. When tobacco, or the carbonaceous residue remaining after the pyrolysis experiments, is heated in nitrogen / oxygen mixtures, the total amount of carbon converted to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is independent of heating rate, but the relative proportions of the two oxides are strongly dependent on heating rate. At the lower heating rate, proportionally less carbon monoxide, and more carbon dioxide, is produced. Under oxidation conditions, about 70 % of both carbon oxides formed in the low-temperature region (100°-450°C) are produced by tobacco decomposition reactions, whereas in the high-temperature region about 10-20 % of the carbon monoxide, and 2-9 % of the carbon dioxide, are produced by tobacco decomposition.

Reaction Products in the Combustion of the High Energy Density Storage Material Lithium with Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Kellermann ◽  
Dan Taroata ◽  
Martin Schiemann ◽  
Helmut Eckert ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Oxide ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Storage Material ◽  
Gaseous Reaction

ABSTRACTIn this work, electrochemically recyclable lithium is analyzed as high energy density, large scale storage material for stranded renewable energy in a closed loop. The strongly exothermic reaction of lithium with carbon dioxide (CO2) yields thermal energy directly comparable to the combustion of coal or methane in an oxygen containing atmosphere. The thermal level of the reaction is sufficient for re-electrification in a thermal power plant compatible process.The reaction of single lithium particles, avoiding particle-particle interactions, is compared to the combustion of atomized lithium spray in a CO2 containing atmosphere. Particle temperatures of up to 4000K were found for the reaction of single lithium particles in a CO2, nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and steam gas mixture. Furthermore the combustion of atomized lithium spray in both dry CO2 atmosphere and CO2/steam gas mixture was analyzed. The identified solid reaction products are lithium carbonate, lithium oxide and lithium hydroxide. The formation of carbon monoxide (CO) as gaseous reaction product is demonstrated. Carbon monoxide is a valuable by-product, which could be converted to methanol or gasoline using hydrogen.

Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Heat-Resistant Steel T91 in High-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 398-403
Author(s):  
Yong Gui ◽  
Zhi Yuan Liang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Qin Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Scale Thickness ◽  
Corrosion Scale ◽  
Kinetics Of

Corrosion behavior of martensitic heat resisting steel T91 in high-temperature carbon dioxide environment at 500-700 °C was investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and glow-discharge optical emission spectrometry were employed to characterize the corrosion products. The results showed that the corrosion kinetics of T91 followed a parabolic law with experimental time. The oxide scale thickness of T91 followed an exponential growth law from 500 °C to 700 °C. Internal carburization was detected underneath the corrosion scale. What’s more, the carburization depth was larger than the corrosion scale. The variations of Cr and C elements distribution were discussed.

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