Relative Rates of the Aluminum Chloride-catalyzed Benzoylation of Representative Benzene Derivatives in Benzoyl Chloride Solution. Partial Rate Factors for the Benzoylation of Toluene1,2

1958 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 2296-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Brown ◽  
Frederick R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Benzoyl Chloride ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Partial Rate

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF FLAVONOIDS IN TRIPLEUROSPERMUM INODORUM’S FLOWERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Blinova O.L. ◽  
Gileva A.A. ◽  
Hlebnikov A.V. ◽  
Belonogova V.D. ◽  
Turyshev A.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Differential Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Stability

Chamomilla recutita is used in scientific medicine. Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. is widely spread among possible impurities of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert. This plant is perspective for establishment into scientific medicine but it can’t change Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert. Purpose of research: development of a method for the quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin in Tripleurospermum inodorum’s flowers using differential spectrophotometry. Materials and methods. The samples prepared in different parts of Russia were used as objects of research. (2017 – 2020). Spectral studies were carried out in the wavelength range of 350-430 nm with a step of 1 nm using a spectrophotometer SF-2000. Results. To determine the analytical wavelength, the UV spectra of alcohol extraction of Tripleurospermum inodorum’s flowers were studied. Maximum of absorption was noticed at wavelength 370 nm. The differential spectrum of the same extraction with an aluminum chloride solution of 2% in 96% alcohol has a maximum at a length of 410±2 nm, which coincides with the maximum of the Standard Sample (SS) of rutin. The largest number of flavonoids is extracted by 70% alcohol. The maximum optical density and the highest output of the number of flavonoids from the raw material is observed at a degree of grinding of 2 mm with a single extraction for 60 minutes. In the conditions of complexation, the optimal ratio of the volume of the test solution and aluminum chloride with a solution of 2% in 96% alcohol is the ratio of 1:1. The stability of the complex with an aluminum chloride solution of 2% in 96% alcohol is observed in 40 minutes after the start of the reaction and retains it for 30 minutes. Findings. The method is developed and the parameters of the quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in Tripleurospermum inodorum flores are determined in terms of rutin using differential spectrophotometry.

Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat: Collaborative Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Eppley ◽  
Mary W Trucksess ◽  
Stanley Nesheim ◽  
Charles W Thorpe ◽  
Albert E Pohland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A collaborative study of a rapid method for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in winter wheat was successfully completed. The method involves sample extraction with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16), cleanup using a disposable column of charcoal, Celite, and alumina, and detection by thin layer chromatography after spraying with an aluminum chloride solution. Each of the 15 collaborators analyzed 12 samples, 2 of which were naturally contaminated, and 10 to which DON was added, in duplicate, at levels of 0,50,100,300, and 1000 ng/ g. Average recoveries of DON ranged from 78 to 96% with repeatabilities of 30-64% and reproducibilities of 33-87%. The results of the study show that false positives were not a problem and that all of the analysts could detect DON at the 300 ng/g level or higher. The method has been adopted official first action.

Delayed healing in full-thickness wounds treated with aluminum chloride solution

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Sawchuk ◽  
Kenneth J. Friedman ◽  
Thomas Manning ◽  
Sheldon R. Pinnell
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Delayed Healing

Acylation of aromatic substrates with ketenes. II. Hammett–Brown studies on substituted aromatic compounds

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (18) ◽  
pp. 1939-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Fountain ◽  
Pamela Heinze ◽  
Dave Maddex ◽  
Greg Gerhardt ◽  
Paul John
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Chloride Complexes ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Aromatic Substrates ◽  
Π Complex ◽  
Partial Rate ◽  
Inorganic Complexes ◽  
Vinyl Cation

Competition reactions using dimethylketene (DMK) – aluminum chloride complexes on a variety of substituted benzene derivatives gave partial rate factors. The logs of these Pfx values when plotted versus σ+ values gave two line segments of ρ = −6.59 for less active substrates, and ρ = −0.92 for more active substrates. Similar results were found for diphenylketene (ρ = −9.47 and −1.07).These results were rationalized by analogy to vinyl cation alkylations. A pair of π complexes (outer then inner) occur between initial approach of the reagent and final, product-determining π-complex formation. In one of these complexes the C=C bond of the ketene complex may be able to back-bond in a manner similar to that found in inorganic complexes of CO and metals.

scholarly journals The influence of technological parameters on the hygroscopic properties of textiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Endiiarova ◽  
A. A. Osipov ◽  
S. E. Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties

Abstract In this paper the method of wet chemistry used for hydrophobization of coarse calico surface was described. It was found that hydrophobicity of coarse calico surface is achieved by the formation of aluminum oxide on the surface. The effect of soap solution temperature, aluminum chloride solution concentration, sample treatment time in aluminum chloride solution and heat treatment temperature on water absorption, contact angle, capillary absorption and calico moisture content was studied. The dependences of gyroscopic properties on the process parameters were obtained. Capillary absorption and water absorption of the test samples increased with increasing concentration of aluminum chloride solution. An increase in the processing time of coarse calico samples in an aluminum chloride solution of lead to a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the samples. The characters of the dependences of hygroscopic properties on the temperature of heat treatment and the temperature of the soap solution are similar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document