THE SURFACE ENERGY OF SOLID SODIUM CHLORIDE. III. THE HEAT OF SOLUTION OF FINELY GROUND SODIUM CHLORIDE

1928 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2701-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Lipsett ◽  
F. M. G. Johnson ◽  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Heat Of Solution

THE SURFACE ENERGY AND THE HEAT OF SOLUTION OF SOLID SODIUM CHLORIDE. I

1927 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Lipsett ◽  
F. M. G. Johnson ◽  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Heat Of Solution

SURFACE ENERGIES OF THE ALKALI HALIDES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Benson ◽  
G. W. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Calorimetric Study ◽  
Heat Of Solution ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Surface Enthalpy

Previous theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of the surface energies or enthalpies of the alkali halides are reviewed briefly. A new attempt to determine the surface enthalpy associated with the {100} face of sodium chloride from a calorimetric study of the effect of particle size on the heat of solution is described. The result (305 ergs/cm.2 at 25 °C.) appears to be larger than might be predicted on the basis of the classical Born-Mayer theory.

THE HEATS OF SOLUTION AND SPECIFIC HEATS OF RHOMBIC SULPHUR IN CARBON DISULPHIDE: THE SURFACE ENERGY OF SOLID RHOMBIC SULPHUR

1935 ◽  
Vol 13b (5) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Williams ◽  
F. M. G. Johnson ◽  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Heat Of Solution ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Heats Of Solution

The heats of solution of rhombic sulphur in carbon disulphide were measured over the concentration range 6 to 17% of sulphur and at 20° and 25 °C., and the specific heats of these solutions were calculated. The apparatus designed for these measurements is described. By measuring the heat of solution of finely divided sulphur and its particle size, the surface energy of solid rhombic sulphur is estimated.

THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL CALCULATION OF THE SURFACE ENERGY OF SODIUM CHLORIDE— A FIRST APPROXIMATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Benson ◽  
F. Van Zeggeren
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Calculation ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Calculation ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
First Approximation

Löwdin's theory for the cohesive energy of alkali halides has been used to calculate a first approximation to the surface energy of a {100} face of sodium chloride. The value found, 187 ergs/cm.2, differs from the experimental value determined by measuring heats of solution (276 ergs/cm.2) but is about 18% higher than the figure obtained from a corresponding classical model. For comparison the surface energies of several other alkali halides have been computed.

The annealed (0001) α-alumina surface and its influence on thin-film growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Michael W. Bench ◽  
Paul G. Kotula ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Thin Film Growth ◽  
Energy Calculations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Energy Electron ◽  
Surface Nature

The growth of semiconductors, superconductors, metals, and other insulators has been investigated using alumina substrates in a variety of orientations. The surface state of the alumina (for example surface reconstruction and step nature) can be expected to affect the growth nature and quality of the epilayers. As such, the surface nature has been studied using a number of techniques including low energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection electron microscopy (REM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), molecular dynamics computer simulations, and also by theoretical surface energy calculations. In the (0001) orientation, the bulk alumina lattice can be thought of as a layered structure with A1-A1-O stacking. This gives three possible terminations of the bulk alumina lattice, with theoretical surface energy calculations suggesting that termination should occur between the Al layers. Thus, the lattice often has been described as being made up of layers of (Al-O-Al) unit stacking sequences. There is a 180° rotation in the surface symmetry of successive layers and a total of six layers are required to form the alumina unit cell.

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