THE REACTIVITY OF ATOMS AND GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. VI. FOURTH CONTRIBUTION ON THE CARBON-CHLORINE BOND: THE RATES OF THE REACTIONS OF BENZOYL CHLORIDE AND CERTAIN OF ITS DERIVATIVES WITH ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

1928 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1813-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Norris ◽  
Dwight V. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Benzoyl Chloride ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Chlorine Bond

Optimisation of the operation variables of a supercritical water oxidation process

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Cocero ◽  
D. Vallelado ◽  
R. Torio ◽  
E. Alonso ◽  
F. Fdez-Polanco
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Supercritical Water Oxidation ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

The unique physical-chemical properties of water above its critical point (374.2°C and 22.1 MPa) makes supercritical water (SCW) an effective reaction medium for oxidation of organic compounds. Gases and many organic compounds are miscible in SCW, so reaction between oxygen and waste is carried out without interface transport constraints. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) can give high destruction efficiencies for a wide variety of hazardous wastes, at low reactor residence times. To study the SCWO, experiments were carried out in a pilot plant equipped with a pressure shell and cooled wall reactor. Effect of operation variables: oxidant excess, reaction temperature and residence time, is studied in order to optimise the contaminant removal efficiency. Aqueous solutions of isopropyl alcohol were used as feed. No effect of air excess and residence time higher than 1 minute on removal efficiency was found, so exclusive dependence of temperature is concluded. Whereas temperature is above 650°C, reactor can work in a wide range of operation conditions with destruction efficiency over 99%. In addition, operation at optimal conditions is reported, using 10%(w) isopropyl alcohol – 1%(w) aniline as feed. Removal efficiencies higher than 99.9% and nitrite-nitrate concentrations less than 10 ppm were obtained.

scholarly journals Robust and Rapid Detection of Mixed Volatile Organic Compounds in Flow Through Air by a Low Cost Electronic Nose

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamei Huang ◽  
Jayne Wu
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Flow Through

This work aims to detect volatile organic compounds (VOC), i.e., acetone, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and their binary and ternary mixtures in a simulated indoor ventilation system. Four metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors were chosen to form an electronic nose and it was used in a flow-through system. To speed up the detection process, transient signals were used to extracted features, as opposed to commonly used steady-state signals, which would require long time stabilization of testing parameters. Five parameters were extracted including three in phase space and two in time space. Classifier and regression models based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN) were used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of VOC mixtures. The VOCs were mixed at different ratios; ethanol and isopropyl alcohol had similar physical and chemical properties, both being challenging in terms of obtaining quantitative results. To estimate the amounts of VOC in the mixtures, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was chosen in network training. When compared with the multivariate linear regression method, the BPNN-based model offered better performance on differentiating ethanol and IPA. The test accuracy of the classification was 82.6%. The concept used in this work could be readily translated for detecting closely related chemicals.

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