THE REACTIVITY OF ATOMS AND GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. III. FIRST CONTRIBUTION ON THE CARBON-CHLORINE BOND: THE RATE OF THE REACTION BETWEEN DIPHENYLCHLOROMETHANE AND ETHYL ALCOHOL

1928 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1795-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Norris ◽  
Avery A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Chlorine Bond

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

The butterfly martensite nucleation in an iron and nickel alloy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 906-907
Author(s):  
Q.Z. Chen ◽  
X.F. Wu ◽  
T. Ko
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Dislocation Structure ◽  
Martensite Transformation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Matrix

Some butterfly martensite nuclei were observed in an Fe-27.6Ni-0.89V-0.05C alloy. The alloy was austenitized at 1200°C for 1 hour. Some samples were aged at 850° C for 40 minutes and quenched in 10% brine at room temperature. All the samples were cooled in ethyl alcohol for martensite transformation.A nucleus in an unaged specimen is shown in Fig.1. The nucleus has certain contrast different from the matrix and is shaped like one wing of a butter fly martensite. The SADP of the circled region is measured to be: da=dh, and approximate to dγ(111) and dm(110) with ∠AOB = 55° . It is similar to [011]f.c.c and b patterns in the anglez ∠AOB and the ratio ra/rb, respectively. The SADP shows that the structure of the nucleus is between f.c.c and b.c.c. The dislocation structure within the nucleus is shown in Fig.2. Their Burgers vectors and line directions are also given in it. There are many long dislocations near it without dislocations piled up as shown in Fig.3.Long dislocations are closed at one end as an envelope.

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