THE CATALYSIS OF ETHYL FORMATE BY MONOCHLORO-ACETIC ACID AND ETHYL ACETATE BY DICHLORO-ACETIC ACID IN NEUTRAL SALT SOLUTIONS

1928 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert S. Harned ◽  
J. Erskine Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions

scholarly journals THE HYDROLYSIS OF ETHYL ACETATE BY NEUTRAL SALT SOLUTIONS.

1913 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Henderson ◽  
David R. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF COLLAGEN

1958 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Gross
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Skin Collagen ◽  
Calf Skin

Precipitation (or gelation) of collagen from cold neutral salt solution induced by warming was shown to be reversible on subsequent cooling. The degree of reversibility of heat precipitation rapidly diminished with time of incubation at 37°C. For calf skin collagen (acetic acid-extracted) and guinea pig skin collagen (crude NaCl extract) in neutral salt solutions (Γ/2 = 0.45) roughly 90 per cent of newly formed gel redissolved on cooling at 2°C.; less than 20 per cent redissolved on cooling gels previously maintained at 37°C. for 24 hours. At physiologic ionic strength the same preparations exhibited much more rapid development of irreversible precipitation, but the same time dependence was clearly evident. Highly purified collagen from crude saline extracts of guinea pig skin exhibited the same phenomenon although the quantitative aspects were somewhat different.

scholarly journals Effect of pyrolysis temperature on Si release of alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar and plant response

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Negar D. Tafti ◽  
Jim J. Wang ◽  
Xudong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Lower Temperature

AbstractRecent studies have shown that silicon (Si) dissolution from biochar may be influenced by the pyrolysis temperature. In addition, the enhancement of biochar by treatment with alkali has been proposed to produce a Si source that can be used for environmentally friendly plant disease control. In this study, biochars from rice straw and rice husk pretreated with KOH, CaO and K2CO3 and then pyrolyzed at 350, 450 and 550 °C were prepared to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on Si release and plant uptake from alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar. Extractable Si and dissolution Si from the prepared biochars were assessed by different short-term chemical methods and long-term (30-day) release in dilute acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, along with a rice potting experiment in greenhouse. For both rice straw- and husk-derived alkali-enhanced biochars (RS-10KB and HS-10K2B, respectively), increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 550 °C generally had the highest extractable Si and increased Si content extracted by 5-day sodium carbonate and ammonium nitrate (5dSCAN) designated for fertilizer Si by 61–142%, whereas non-enhanced biochars had more extractable Si at 350 °C. The alkali-enhanced biochars produced at 550 °C pyrolysis temperature also released 82–172% and 27–79% more Si than that of 350 °C produced biochar in unbuffered weak acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, over 30 days. In addition, alkali-enhanced biochars, especially that derived from rice husk at 550 °C facilitated 6–21% greater Si uptake by rice and 44–101% higher rice grain yields than lower temperature biochars, non-enhanced biochars, or conventional Si fertilizers (wollastonite and silicate calcium slag). Overall, this study demonstrated that 550 °C is more efficient than lower pyrolysis temperature for preparing alkali-enhanced biochar to improve Si release for plant growth.

Interlaboratory comparison of results of erythrocyte protoporphyrin analysis.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2135-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K W Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

Abstract Each of 65 laboratories analyzed 10 whole-blood samples for erythrocyte protoporphyrin by one or more of several analytical procedures. These procedures were of two types: (a) extraction of protoporphyrin from the erythrocytes into ethyl acetate/acetic acid, re-extraction into hydrochloric acid, and fluorometric measurement; or (b) direct reading in a portable fluorometer (hematofluorometer), with no pretreatment of the blood sample. Interlaboratory correlation was generally poor, especially between laboratories using extraction procedures. Hematofluorometric results intercorrelated better, but they had a low bias as compared to the extraction approach. Nationwide standardization of the test is required to assure satisfactory interlaboratory performance and to identify laboratories whose results are sufficiently accurate to be used for interpretations according to guidelines set forth by the Center for Disease Control for erythrocyte protoporphyrin testing.

HSCCC Separation of Three Main Compounds from the Crude Extract of Dracocephalum Tanguticum by Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Cosolvent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Yongling Liu ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Nana Wang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Counter Current

Abstract Separation of natural compounds directly from the crude extract is a challenging work for traditional column chromatography. In the present study, an efficient method for separation of three main compounds from the crude extract of Dracocephalum tanguticum has been successfully established by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The crude extract was directly introduced into HSCCC by using dimethyl sulfoxide as cosolvent. Ethyl acetate/n-butyl alcohol/0.3% glacial acetic acid (4: 1: 5, v/v) system was used and three target compounds with purity higher than 80% were obtained. Preparative HPLC was used for further purification and three target compounds with purity higher than 98% were obtained. The compounds were identified as chlorogenic acid, pedaliin and pedaliin-6″-acetate.

scholarly journals Exposure Studies of Different Kinds of Volatile Organic Compounds in Vapour Phase with a Narrow-gap Cell Containing CuxS Modified Carbon Microdisc Electrode

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Modified Electrode ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Narrow Gap ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Interelectrode Gap ◽  
Volatile Organic

In this article, the feasibility of the CuxS modified carbon microdisc electrode was examined by exposure to four different volatile organic compounds (2-propanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and n-butylamine) directly in their vapour phase using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The performance of the modified microdisc was compared with the bare carbon microdisc (30 μm in diameter) which was involved in a narrow-gap cell. By using both methods high current increase was observed for 2-propanol with the modified electrode and its sensitivity was sufficiently higher than with the bare electrode. The modified electrode showed lower current signals in case of acetic acid and n-butylamine. The latter formed a condensation layer at the interelectrode gap. Neither the bare nor the modified electrode was sensitive to ethyl acetate.

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