SONIC STUDIES OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS. I. THE SONIC INTERFEROMETER. THE VELOCITY OF SOUND IN SOME ORGANIC LIQUIDS AND THEIR COMPRESSIBILITIES1

1929 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egbert B. Freyer ◽  
J. C. Hubbard ◽  
Donald H. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Velocity Of Sound

Heat capacities at constant volume, free volumes, and rotational freedom in some liquids

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Deshpande ◽  
LG Bhatgadde
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Volume Analysis ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Rotational Freedom ◽  
Residual Heat

This paper presents the experimental results on the velocity of sound, densities, and heat capacities of eight organic liquids at 25�, 35�, and 45�C. Using Eyring's equation, the free volumes have been calculated from the sound velocity data. For pure liquids, a quantity Cv* = (Cv)L- (Cv)g- Cstr called the residual heat capacity is found to be linearly dependent on free volume. Analysis of the data for 34 liquids shows that a plot of residual heat capacity against the free volume gives a series of straight lines differing in slopes for different groups of liquids such as hydrocarbons, halogen-substituted hydrocarbons, alcohols, etc. This behaviour is ascribed as being due to different degrees of rotational freedom of molecules in these liquids.

Coatings from Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Chernyak ◽  
Florence Henon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Interfacial Tensions ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This chapter describes several aspects of the use of carbon dioxide as a solvent or cosolvent in coating applications. The primary impetus for using carbon dioxide for this purpose has been the alleviation of volatile emissions and liquid solvent wastes. However, the special physical properties of liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide may offer some processing advantages over conventional organic or aqueous solvents. Liquid carbon dioxide is quite compressible, and a reduction in temperature results not only in a reduction in the operating pressure, but also in a significant increase in the liquid density to values of approximately 0.9 g/cm3. At these high liquid densities, carbon dioxide exhibits improved solvent performance, but with much lower viscosities and interfacial tensions than aqueous or organic liquid solvents. Under supercritical conditions, carbon dioxide also exhibits high densities, low viscosities, and improved solvent power. Low viscosities and interfacial tensions tend to facilitate the transport of the solvents into any crevices or imperfections on the surface to be covered, and this might prove advantageous in the coating of patterned or etched surfaces. Since carbon dioxide dissolves and diffuses easily into many different polymers and organic liquids, it can also be used to reduce the viscosity of coating solutions. Whether in the liquid or the supercritical state, the temperature and pressure of the mixture can be used to control its physical properties in ways that are impossible to achieve with traditional solvents. These distinguishing features have raised the level of industrial interest in carbon dioxide as a solvent for coating applications, beyond those based solely on environmental concerns. In this chapter, we will discuss current applications and research on the use of CO2 as a solvent for coatings. The first section deals with spray coating from supercritical CO2. Subsequent sections deal with the use of liquid coatings, such as spin and free meniscus coatings, and impregnation coatings. Since the start of the 20th century (ca. 1907), atomization has been the basis for conventional spray coating applications (Muirhead, 1974). Typically, atomization is caused by high shear of the coating fluid in air, leading to droplet or particle formation.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Properties of Plastically Deformed Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tatibouet ◽  
R. Vassoille ◽  
J. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasonic Properties ◽  
Crystalline Materials

AbstractMany authors have used propagation of ultrasonic waves in ice for glaciological studies. This propagation is characterized by the velocity of sound and by the attenuation of stress waves. In crystalline materials, these two characteristics depend on structural slate. In particular plastic deformation gives velocity and attenuation variations.We have measured the sound velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in strained specimens of ice (single crystals and polycrystals). These measurements done between 100 and 273 K at a frequency of 5 MHz show that plastic deformation leads to an increase of attenuation arid an increase of velocity. Annealing treatments at 271 K cause recovery of propagation characteristics. The variation in attenuation can be interpreted by the theory of dislocations and this interpretation is supported by our data on the influence of frequency on this increase of attenuation induced by plastic deformation, but the theory of dislocations implies a decrease of modulus, i.e. of velocity, hence we must postulate that an added phenomenon screens the effect of dislocations. That phenomenon could be connected with ageing effects observed on different physical properties of ire and may be due to modification of protonic arrangement or creation of interstitials during plastic deformation. Thus our experiments show that it is necessary to be careful in using results determined from the propagation of ultrasonic waves in ice.

Velocity of sound in organic liquids (coal products)

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ozerenko ◽  
A. M. Gyul’maliev ◽  
S. G. Gagarin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Velocity Of Sound

Some physical properties of mixtures of certain organic liquids

1933 ◽  
Vol 29 (140) ◽  
pp. 1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet Corona Gwynne Trew ◽  
Gertrude Margaret Clare Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Liquids

VII. The influence of stress and strain on the physical properties of matter. Part I. Elasticity— continued . The velocity of sound in metals, and a comparison of their moduli of torsional and longitudinal elasticities as determined by statical and kinetical methods

1887 ◽  
Vol 42 (251-257) ◽  
pp. 362-364
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Velocity Of Sound

The principal object of the investigation was to ascertain whether the values of the moduli of torsional and longitudinal elasticities, as determined by statical methods, would be the same as when determined by kinetical methods, provided the deformations produced were very small.

Oil-Resisting Rubber. Part XII. Vulcanized Rubbers Containing Organic Accelerators

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-844
Author(s):  
J. R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Rubber Part

Abstract In spite of the vast amount of work which has been devoted to organic accelerators and their influence on the physical properties of the vulcanizate, very little information can be found in the literature concerning their influence on the swelling of the vulcanizate in organic liquids. The present experiments were not intended to form a systematic investigation of the influence of organic accelerators on the swelling properties of the vulcanizate, but rather to obtain a general idea of the swelling of rubbers containing the commoner types of commercial accelerators and to find out to what extent swelling could be correlated with the mechanical properties and combined sulfur content of the vulcanizate.

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