THE CHEMISTRY OF LIGNIN. VI. THE DISTILLATION OF ALKALI LIGNIN WITH ZINC DUST IN AN ATMOSPHERE OF HYDROGEN

1932 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1518-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Phillips ◽  
M. J. Goss
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Dust ◽  
Alkali Lignin

Low-temperature alkali lignin depolymerization to functional chemicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Saini ◽  
Avnish Kumar ◽  
Bijoy Biswas ◽  
Thallada Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Lignin Depolymerization

Effective depolymerization of alkali lignin into phenolic monomers over ZrP catalysts promoted by Ni and W

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Lu ◽  
Haoquan Guo ◽  
Pengcheng Xiu ◽  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Lignin

III.—On the Reduction of Ferric Iron (1) by Sulphurous Acid and (2) by Zinc Dust

1913 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Alexander Charles Cumming ◽  
E. W. Hamilton Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Zinc Dust ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
Other Hand

So many papers have appeared on this subject that some apology seems desirable before making an additional contribution. The amount of published work on reduction with sulphurous acid is in itself an indication that many workers have found difficulties. It has been shown that the reduction does not take place in presence of large excess of hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, but the reduction will still occur while the reaction of the solution is strongly acid. On the other hand, Hillebrand (“Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Rocks,” U.S. Bulletin, 442, p. 113) states if the solution after addition of sulphite is red in colour, it is too alkaline and acid must be added.

scholarly journals Hydrogenative Cleavage of Azo Compounds Catalyzed by Commercial Zinc Dust Using Ammonium Acetate.

ChemInform ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Srinivasa ◽  
K. Abiraj ◽  
D. Channe Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Zinc Dust ◽  
Azo Compounds

Isolation and characterization of a fungus Aspergillus sp. strain F-3 capable of degrading alkali lignin

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Yang ◽  
J. T. Zhou ◽  
H. Lu ◽  
Y. L. Yuan ◽  
L. H. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

scholarly journals Characterisation of Sequential Solvent Fractionation and Base-catalysed Depolymerisation of Treated Alkali Lignin

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 4137-4151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikfei Ang ◽  
Zaidon Ashaari ◽  
Edi Suhaimi Bakar ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Solvent Fractionation ◽  
Alkali Lignin

An alkali lignin (OL) with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 11646 g/mol was used to prepare low-molecular weight lignin for resin synthesis. The low-molecular weight lignin feedstock was obtained via base-catalysed depolymerisation (BCD) treatments at different combined severity factors. Sequential fractionation of the OL and BCD-treated lignins using organic solvents with different Hildebrand solubility parameters were used to alter the homogeneity of the OL. The yield and properties of OL itself and OL and BCD-treated OL dissolved in propan-1-ol (F1), ethanol (F2), and methanol (F3) were determined. Regardless of the treatment applied, a small amount of OL was dissolved in F1 and F2. The BCD treatment did not increase the yield of F1 but did increase the yields of F2 and F3. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the repolymerization reaction occurred in F3 for all BCD-treated OL, so these lignins were not suitable for use as feedstocks for resin production. The GPC, 13Carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the F3 in OL exhibited the optimum yield, molecular weight distribution, and chemical structure suitable for use as feedstocks for resin synthesis.

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