Tracer-diffusion in Liquids. IV. Self-diffusion of Calcium Ion and Chloride Ion in Aqueous Calcium Chloride Solutions1

1953 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1769-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Tracer Diffusion ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion In Liquids

scholarly journals The mechanism of ions in pulmonary hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 204589402098794
Author(s):  
Guogu Liu ◽  
Daiyan Fu ◽  
Heshen Tian ◽  
Aiguo Dai
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Pathological Manifestation

Pulmonary hypertension（PH）is a kind of hemodynamic and pathophysiological state, in which the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rises above a certain threshold. The main pathological manifestation is pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodelling progressively. More and more studies have found that ions play a major role in the pathogenesis of PH. Many vasoactive substances, inflammatory mediators, transcription-inducing factors, apoptosis mediators, redox substances and translation modifiers can control the concentration of ions inside and outside the cell by regulating the activity of ion channels, which can regulate vascular contraction, cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation and other functions. We all know that there are no effective drugs to treat PH. Ions are involved in the occurrence and development of PH, so it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ions in PH as a therapeutic target for PH. The main ions involved in PH are calcium ion (Ca2+), potassium ion (K+), sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl–). Here, we mainly discuss the distribution of these ions and their channels in pulmonary arteries and their role in the pathogenesis of PH.

scholarly journals Membrane Currents in Airway Smooth Muscle: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Luke J Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Potassium Ion Channels ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Transient Activation

Electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques were used to characterize the membrane conductance changes underlying spasmogen-evoked depolarization in airway smooth muscle (ASM). Changes included a transient activation of chloride ion channels and prolonged suppression of potassium ion channels; both changes are triggered by release of internally sequestered calcium ion and in turn cause opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels. The resultant influx of calcium ions contributes to contraction as well as to refilling of the internal calcium ion pool. Bronchodilators, on the other hand, act in part through activation of potassium channels, with consequent closure of calcium channels. The tools used to study ion channels in ASM are described, and the investigations of the roles of ion channels in ASM physiology (autacoid-evoked depolarization and hyperpolarization) and pathophysiology (airway hyperresponsiveness) are summarized. Finally, how the relationship between ion channels and ASM function/dysfunction may relate to the treatment of asthma and related breathing disorders is discussed.

Self-diffusion of Ag+ and Na+ in molten Ca(NO3)2-KNO3

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Welch ◽  
CA Angell
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Tracer Diffusion ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Capillary Method ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature Dependence ◽  
Radio Tracer ◽  
Tracer Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature

In order to explore the behaviour of diffusing ionic species in a molten salt in which non-Arrhenius behaviour of other transport properties is established, the diffusivities in dilute solution of Ag+ and Na+ in 38.1 mol% Ca(NO3)2+ 61.9 mol% KNO3 have been measured. For both ions limited radio-tracer diffusion coefficients, determined using a diffusion-out-of-capillary method, are reported. D(Ag+) has also been measured by chronopotentiometry, by which means the range and reliability of the measurements were considerably extended. Chronopotentiometric and tracer data agree within expected errors of measurement. Both ionic diffusivities show a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence which is indistinguishable in magnitude from that of the electrical conductance of the solvent melt.

A theory for self-diffusion in liquids

1999 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 3009-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Vergeles ◽  
Grzegorz Szamel
Keyword(s):  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion In Liquids
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