The Free Radical, High Pressure Polymerization of Ethylenes. The Effects of Initiator Concentration, Monomer Concentration and Pressure on the Polymerization Rate

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Symcox ◽  
Paul. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Initiator Concentration

High-pressure free-radical copolymerization of ethene and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate

1996 ◽  
Vol 197 (12) ◽  
pp. 4119-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buback ◽  
Thomas Dröge ◽  
Alex Van Herk ◽  
Frank-Olaf Mähling
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization

Viscosity effects in the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate

1977 ◽  
Vol 357 (1689) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Kinetic Scheme ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Chain Termination ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Effects ◽  
Free Radical Initiator

Methyl methacrylate has been polymerized in the presence of poly(methyl methacrylate) by using a free-radical initiator. The efficiency of the initiator is shown to be independent of the viscosity. At high viscosities, chain termination was influenced by the rate of translational diffusion of the polymer radicals. The dependence of the polymerization rate on viscosity is less than that predicted by a simple kinetic scheme. It appears that only those radicals which are above a certain size have their chain termination reactions controlled by the solution viscosity. This limiting size decreases as the viscosity increases.

scholarly journals Efficient metal-free strategies for polymerization of a sterically hindered ionic monomer through the application of hard confinement and high pressure

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 6396-6408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Maksym ◽  
Magdalena Tarnacka ◽  
Andrzej Dzienia ◽  
Kamila Wolnica ◽  
Mateusz Dulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Ionic Monomer ◽  
Sterically Hindered

The effect of hard confinement and high pressure on the progress of free-radical and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations of sterically hindered 1-octyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([OVIM][NTf2]) has been investigated.

The Effects of Initiating Systems on CPAM Relative Molecular Weight and Strength Properties of Paperboard

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 945-948
Author(s):  
Hui Rong Yang ◽  
Chuan Shan Zhao ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Wen Jia Han
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Aqueous Polymerization ◽  
Relative Molecular Weight

initiator is one of the most important conditions of synthesizing efficient strength agent CPAM. To begin with initiating mechanism, three redox systems of acrylamide aqueous polymerization (NH4)2S2O8/ Na2SO3, K2S2O8/NaHSO3and K2S2O8/Na2S2O4have been studied. The effects of different kinds of initiator, initiator concentration, and monomer concentration as well as polymerization temperature on relative molecular weight and strength effects of CPAM have been investigated. K2S2O8/Na2SO3is the most useful system in synthesizing efficient strength agents.

Grafting of Itaconic Anhydride onto Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer for Rubber Blend, Experimental Optimization of Grafting Extent

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muryanee Puteh ◽  
Pairote Klinpituksa ◽  
Azizan Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Peak Ratio ◽  
Itaconic Anhydride ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Absorbance Peak

Graft copolymers of natural rubber with itaconic anhydride (IA) were prepared in toluene using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, monomer concentration and initiator concentration on natural rubber grafting were investigated. Graft copolymers (NR-g-IA) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The grafting content of IA onto NR was estimated by means of FTIR using the absorbance peak ratio for 1783 cm-1 and 835 cm-1, corresponding to the symmetric C=O stretching and the =C-H out of plane bending in natural rubber, respectively. Titration was also used to determine the amount of IA grafted onto natural rubber. The optimal grafting conditions for preparation of NR-g-IA were found at 10 phr IA, 2.5 phr BPO, 85°C temperature, and 2.5 hr reaction time.

High-pressure free-radical copolymerization of ethene and butyl acrylate

1996 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buback ◽  
Markus Busch ◽  
Kai Lovis ◽  
Frank-Olaf Mähling
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization

Preparation of A Spherical Cellulose Adsorbent as Amino Acid Sorbent

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Lin ◽  
Ming Hua Liu ◽  
Huai Yu Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Cellulose Adsorbent

The spherical cellulose adsorbent was prepared by grafting acrylic acid onto the spherical cellulose beads prepared by NMMO method. The effecting factors, e.g., monomer concentration, initiator concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time were optimized by the orthogonal and signal-factor experiments and the structure of the adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and SEM. The graft mechanism was also discussed. Moreover, the spherical cellulose adsorbents were shown to behave as good sorbents for basic amino acids L-Arg, L-Lys and L-His.

Free-Radical Kinetics at High Pressure:  A Mathematical Analysis of the Flow Reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 100 (14) ◽  
pp. 5821-5838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Donahue ◽  
James S. Clarke ◽  
Kenneth L. Demerjian ◽  
James G. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Flow Reactor
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