Spectral and solubility studies of molecular complex equilibriums. Concentration scale dependence and activity coefficient effects

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin H. Lane ◽  
Sherril D. Christian ◽  
Jerry D. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Molecular Complex ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Solubility Studies

Activity coefficient effects in spectral and solubility studies of molecular complex equilibriums

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (19) ◽  
pp. 6861-6862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherril D. Christian ◽  
Jerry D. Childs ◽  
Edwin H. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Molecular Complex ◽  
Solubility Studies

The Measurement of the Activity Coefficient Ratios of Protonated and Neutral Forms of Hammett Indicators in Several Strong Acids

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 2254-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Essig ◽  
J. A. Marinsky
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Neutral Form ◽  
Activity Coefficient Ratio ◽  
Solubility Studies ◽  
Strong Acids

The activity coefficient ratio for several indicators has been estimated for the protonated and neutral forms of the same indicator molecule over a large range of acidity in H2SO4, HClO4, and HCl systems. The activity coefficient (fB) of the neutral form of a number of Hammett indicators was determined via solubility measurements. The observed linear relationship between log fB and [Formula: see text] then permitted estimate by extrapolation of log fB not experimentally accessible for the more basic indicators. Solubility studies of the pentacyanopropenide (PCP−) salts of these more basic protonated indicators were referred to a reference standard, tetraethylammonium pentacyanopropenide (TEA+PCP−) according to the method developed by Boyd to obtain the activity coefficient ratio [Formula: see text] By synthesizing the term [Formula: see text] the approach to a meaningful value of [Formula: see text] is believed to be facilitated. This function is uniquely related to the water activity of the various acid systems examined to support the suggestion by Hammett that [Formula: see text] is a constant for primary aniline indicators at a specified acid concentration.

FOURIER-TRANSFORM MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETERWAVE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE H2-HCN MOLECULAR COMPLEX

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tanaka ◽  
Yasuki Endo ◽  
Masakazu Nakajima ◽  
Yoshihiro Sumiyoshi ◽  
Kensuke Harada
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Molecular Complex

Effect of association in the vapour phase on the value of activity coefficient

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Malijevská
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Vapour Phase

The relations were obtained between the thermodynamically consistent activity coefficient of associating component and the activity coefficient calculated irrespective of the association in the vapour phase. The analysis is limited to binary systems with one associating component and is given for the two cases: (a) the associating component dimerizes only, (b) the associating component forms, in addition to a dimer, one higher associate, too.

scholarly journals Scale dependence of galaxy biasing investigated by weak gravitational lensing: An assessment using semi-analytic galaxies and simulated lensing data

2018 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. A15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Simon ◽  
Stefan Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Weak Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Galaxy Bias ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lens Galaxies

Galaxies are biased tracers of the matter density on cosmological scales. For future tests of galaxy models, we refine and assess a method to measure galaxy biasing as a function of physical scalekwith weak gravitational lensing. This method enables us to reconstruct the galaxy bias factorb(k) as well as the galaxy-matter correlationr(k) on spatial scales between 0.01hMpc−1≲k≲ 10hMpc−1for redshift-binned lens galaxies below redshiftz≲ 0.6. In the refinement, we account for an intrinsic alignment of source ellipticities, and we correct for the magnification bias of the lens galaxies, relevant for the galaxy-galaxy lensing signal, to improve the accuracy of the reconstructedr(k). For simulated data, the reconstructions achieve an accuracy of 3–7% (68% confidence level) over the abovek-range for a survey area and a typical depth of contemporary ground-based surveys. Realistically the accuracy is, however, probably reduced to about 10–15%, mainly by systematic uncertainties in the assumed intrinsic source alignment, the fiducial cosmology, and the redshift distributions of lens and source galaxies (in that order). Furthermore, our reconstruction technique employs physical templates forb(k) andr(k) that elucidate the impact of central galaxies and the halo-occupation statistics of satellite galaxies on the scale-dependence of galaxy bias, which we discuss in the paper. In a first demonstration, we apply this method to previous measurements in the Garching-Bonn Deep Survey and give a physical interpretation of the lens population.

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