Reversible reactions of gaseous ions. V. Methane-water system at low temperatures

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (15) ◽  
pp. 5188-5195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Bennett ◽  
F. H. Field
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Water System ◽  
Reversible Reactions

Argon—water system at low temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1388-1394
Author(s):  
G. G. Malenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Water System

Argon–water system at low temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Malenkov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Water System

Reversible reactions of gaseous ions. I. Methane-water system

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Field ◽  
D. P. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Reversible Reactions

Radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242-1246
Author(s):  
Minoru Kumakura ◽  
Isao Kaetsu
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Water System ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
Irradiation Temperature ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Radiation Polymerization

Radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system at low temperature was studied. The polymerization rate-irradiation temperature curve had a maximum peak at near glass transition temperaure, and it was shifted to the site of high temperature with increasing monomer concentration. The polymerization rate in vinyl pyrrolidone at low temperatures was accelerated by the addition of water. The polymers obtained by radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system at low temperatures were a high hydrophilicity and had porous structure.

CRITICAL PHENOMENA IN THE SYSTEM ACETIC ACID – CHLOROFORM – WATER

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1096
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Critical Phenomena ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Water System ◽  
Solid Liquid

This paper is an experimental study of (a) the solid–liquid equilibria at low temperatures; (b) equilibrium compositions at temperatures other than 25 °C; (c) the critical phenomena, L1–L2, L1–V, and L2–V, in the acetic acid – chloroform – water system. No previous study has been made of critical phenomena in a system exhibiting partial liquid miscibility.

Reversible reactions of gaseous ions. II. Propane-water system

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 1576-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Field ◽  
D. P. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Reversible Reactions

Interpretation of irradiation-induced changes in electron diffractograms and images of extinction contours at low temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
E. Knapek ◽  
H. Formanek ◽  
G. Lefranc ◽  
I. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Organic Crystals ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Electron Diffractograms ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Induced Changes

A few years ago results on cryoprotection of L-valine were reported, where the values of the critical fluence De i.e, the electron exposure which decreases the intensity of the diffraction reflections by a factor e, amounted to the order of 2000 + 1000 e/nm2. In the meantime a discrepancy arose, since several groups published De values between 100 e/nm2 and 1200 e/nm2 /1 - 4/. This disagreement and particularly the wide spread of the results induced us to investigate more thoroughly the behaviour of organic crystals at very low temperatures during electron irradiation.For this purpose large L-valine crystals with homogenuous thickness were deposited on holey carbon films, thin carbon films or Au-coated holey carbon films. These specimens were cooled down to nearly liquid helium temperature in an electron microscope with a superconducting lens system and irradiated with 200 keU-electrons. The progress of radiation damage under different preparation conditions has been observed with series of electron diffraction patterns and direct images of extinction contours.

Radiation Damage of Support Films

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Imaging Parameters ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Phase Corrections ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Medium Dose

The goal of imaging the finest detail possible in biological specimens leads to contradictory requirements for the choice of an electron dose. The dose should be as low as possible to minimize object damage, yet as high as possible to optimize image statistics. For specimens that are protected by low temperatures or for which the low resolution associated with negative stain is acceptable, the first condition may be partially relaxed, allowing the use of (for example) 6 to 10 e/Å2. However, this medium dose is marginal for obtaining the contrast transfer function (CTF) of the microscope, which is necessary to allow phase corrections to the image. We have explored two parameters that affect the CTF under medium dose conditions.Figure 1 displays the CTF for carbon (C, row 1) and triafol plus carbon (T+C, row 2). For any column, the images to which the CTF correspond were from a carbon covered hole (C) and the adjacent triafol plus carbon support film (T+C), both recorded on the same micrograph; therefore the imaging parameters of defocus, illumination angle, and electron statistics were identical.

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