Laser Raman temperature-jump study of the kinetics of the triiodide equilibrium. Relaxation times in the 10-8 -10-7 second range

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1554-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Turner ◽  
George W. Flynn ◽  
Norman Sutin ◽  
James V. Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Jump ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Kinetics Of

KINETIC STUDIES OF PROTEIN–DYE AND ANTIBODY–HAPTEN INTERACTIONS WITH THE TEMPERATURE-JUMP METHOD

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1786-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Froese ◽  
A. H. Sehon ◽  
M. Eigen
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Temperature Jump ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Single Relaxation Time ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Arsonic Acid ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of protein–dye and antibody–hapten reactions were studied with the temperature-jump method. The systems used consisted of (i) bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the dye 1-naphthol-4-[4-(4′-azobenzene azo)phenyl arsonic acid], referred to as N—R′, (ii) BSA and the dye 1-naphthol-2-sulphonic acid-4-[4-(4′-azobenzene azo)phenyl arsonic acid], referred to as NS—R′, and (iii) rabbit antibodies to phenyl arsonic acid [Ab] and the hapten N—R′.Each of the systems exhibited a single relaxation time. From the analysis of the concentration dependence of the relaxation times, it was concluded that each system could be represented by the reactions[Formula: see text]where P refers to BSA or Ab, and D to N—R′ or NS—R′. The following rate constants were calculated for the three systems at 25 °C:[Formula: see text]The effects of temperature and pH on the rate constants of the system BSA – N—R′ are discussed.

Kinetics of Defect-Induced Cation Redistribution in (CoxMg1-x)2SiO4 Olivines

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Jian Min Shi ◽  
Klaus Dieter Becker
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Jump ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Cation Diffusion ◽  
Octahedral Sites ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Relaxation Experiments ◽  
Relaxation Curves ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Cation Redistribution

Olivines are high-temperature materials in which divalent cations occupy two non-equivalent octahedral sites, M1 and M2. Cation redistribution processes between the M1 and M2 sites are fundamental steps for cation diffusion in olivines. We have performed temperature-jump relaxation experiments on both M1 and M2 sites in (CoxMg1-x)2SiO4 olivines by monitoring the time evolution of optical absorption of Co2+ ions on M1 and M2 sites. Results derived from the modeling of the experimental relaxation curves show that the kinetics of cation exchange is strongly temperature- and composition-dependent and that relaxation times for cation redistribution at about 1000 oC are less than 1 s. The activation energy of cation redistribution is about 2.0 eV.

Exploring the underlying kinetics of electrodeposited PANI-CNT composite using distribution of relaxation times

2021 ◽  
pp. 139501
Author(s):  
Ash Stott ◽  
Décio B. de Freitas Neto ◽  
Jose M. Rosolen ◽  
Radu A. Sporea ◽  
S. Ravi P. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Single-sided NMR for the measurement of the degree of cross-linking and curing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Halmen ◽  
Christoph Kugler ◽  
Eduard Kraus ◽  
Benjamin Baudrit ◽  
Thomas Hochrein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
First Results ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The degree of cross-linking and curing is one of the most important values concerning the quality of cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) and the functionality of adhesives and resin-based components. Up to now, the measurement of this property has mostly been time-consuming and usually destructive. Within the shown work the feasibility of single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the non-destructive determination of the degree of cross-linking and curing as process monitoring was investigated. First results indicate the possibility of distinguishing between PE-X samples with different degrees of cross-linking. The homogeneity of the samples and the curing kinetics of adhesives can also be monitored. The measurements show good agreement with reference tests (wet chemical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric analysis). Furthermore, the influence of sample temperature on the characteristic relaxation times can be observed.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Rate-Dependent Inner Hysteresis Loops in PZT

2005 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander York ◽  
Stefan Seelecke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Realistic Modeling ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe rate-dependence of piezoelectric materials resulting from the kinetics of domain switching is an important factor that needs to be included in realistic modeling attempts. This paper provides a systematic study of the rate-dependent hysteresis behavior of a commercially available PZT stack actuator. Experiments covering full as well as minor loops are conducted at different loading rates with polarization and strain recorded. In addition, the creep behavior at different constant levels of the electric field is observed. This provides evidence of kinetics being characterized by strongly varying relaxation times that can be associated with different switching mechanisms.

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