Enhancement of saponificiation rates in aqueous dipolar solvents. Hydroxide ion solvation vs. transition state solvation

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Haberfield ◽  
Jacob Friedman ◽  
Margaret F. Pinkston
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Ion Solvation ◽  
Hydroxide Ion

Transition State Imbalance in the Deprotonation of Substituted 2-Tetralones by Hydroxide Ion

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (52) ◽  
pp. 12722-12726 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Nevy ◽  
David C. Hawkinson ◽  
Grzegorz Blotny ◽  
Xudong Yao ◽  
Ralph M. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Hydroxide Ion

Hydrogen isotope exchange between fluoroform (CF3H) and water. 3. Catalysis by −OH-type anion exchange resins, and the effect of added dimethyl sulfoxide

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Allan Symons ◽  
John H. Rolston ◽  
Lorraine A. Baldisera ◽  
John C. G. Drover ◽  
J. Douglas Bonnett
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Ion Solvation ◽  
Hydroxide Ion ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Resin Beads ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Pore Liquid ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Aqueous Slurry

Anion exchange resins like Rexyn 201(OH) and Amberlyst A-26 have been shown to be active catalysts for deuterium transfer between water and fluoroform. Under stirred slurry conditions at 50 °C the Rexyn 201 is 25 × more effective than NaOH on a per-hydroxide-ion basis. Addition of DMSO to the aqueous slurry produces an increase in Rexyn 201 reactivity, but the resin advantage over homogeneous −OH declines to zero by ~30 mol% DMSO. At 70 mol% DMSO the resin is less effective by a factor of ~100. Local fluoroform solubility and hydroxide ion solvation effects, including phase separation, in the pore liquid of the resin beads appear to be responsible for the observed behaviour.

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