Reluctant azoalkanes: short-wavelength (185 nm) liquid-phase photolysis and high-temperature (400-1000.degree.C) gas-phase pyrolysis of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrazolin-4-one

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Adam ◽  
Andreas Fuss ◽  
Francois P. Mazenod ◽  
Helmut Quast
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Short Wavelength

Corrosion of Superheaters and Reheaters of Pulverized-Coal-Fired Boilers, II

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Cain ◽  
Wharton Nelson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ferritic Alloys ◽  
Tube Metal

This paper deals with studies of high-temperature fireside corrosion of reheater and superheater tubes in pulverized-coal-fired boilers. Factors affecting the temperature range and rate of corrosion by molten complex alkali sulfates are described. The influence of sulfides, produced by reaction of complex sulfates with tube metal, on corrosion rate is discussed. The similarity of coal-ash to oil-ash corrosion mechanism is brought out. Methods for distinguishing liquid phase from gas-phase corrosion on ferritic alloys are presented.

scholarly journals A preliminary examination of fluid inclusions in nepheline, sorensenite, tugtupite and chkalovite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline intrusion, South Greenland

1970 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
V.S Sobolev ◽  
T.Y Bazarova ◽  
N.A Shugurova ◽  
N.Sh Bazarov ◽  
Y.A Dolgov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Alkaline Intrusion ◽  
Primary Inclusion ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A preliminary examination has been undertaken of fluid inclusions in four minerals from the Ilímaussaq alkaline intrusion. The apparatus used in the study has been developed in the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Primary three-phase inclusions (liquid-gas-crystals) in nepheline from naujaite homogenize in the liquid phase at 850-1040° C. The gas phase in one analysed inclusion is dominated by CO2. Primary gas-liquid inclusions in nepheline from green lujavrite homogenize at 910-970° C in the liquid phase. These temperatures are in agreement with temperatures obtained on nephelines from Lovozero, Miask and Synnur and with data from fusion experiments on the rocks in question. Primary gas-liquid inclusions in sorensenite and tugtupite from late analcimealbite veins homogenize at 400-460° C. The liquid phase of fluid inclusions in tugtupite contains 21 weight per cent of salts -sodium chloride is assumed to be predominant. The gas phase in one primary inclusion in tugtupite is dominated by CO2. Secondary fluid inclusions in the two minerals homogenize at 350-100° C. The temperatures obtained are in agreement with those estimated from mineralogical evidence. A big crystal of chkalovite from an ussingite-analcime vein contains several generations of fluid inclusions. The primary liquid-gas-crystal inclusions homogenize at 860-980° C. The solid phase is dissolved at 330-360° C, two immiscible liquids appear at 700-800° C. Half of the ca. 250 fluid inclusions examined belong to this category. The several generations of secondary inclusions which embrace liquid-gascrystal inclusions, gas-liquid inclusions and gas inclusions homogenize in several groups between 760°C and 100°C. The liquid phase of the high temperature inclusions contains 40-44 weight per cent NaCI. The pressure at the temperature of homogenization is estimated to be higher than 1000 atm. The gas phase is dominated by CO2 and N2 + inert gases. The unexpectedly high temperature of homogenization of the primary inclusions of the chkalovite is difficult to explain. A detailed study of this problem is in preparation.

INFLUENCE OF FORCED CONVECTION IN LIQUID INSIDE THE TIN ON DURATION OF STERILIZATION IN THE COURSE OF FISH PROCESSING

2017 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Valentinovich Alexeev ◽  
Elena Igorevna Verboloz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Equipment Modernization ◽  
Bottom To Top

The article focuses on the process of intensive mixing of liquid phase in the tin during high-temperature sterilization, i.e. sterilization when temperature of the heat carrier reaches 150-160°C. It has been stated that for intensification of the thermal process during sterilization of tinned fish with liquid filling it is preferable to turn a tin from bottom to top. This operation helps to increase the driving power of the process and to shorten warming time. Besides, high-temperature sterilization carried out according to experimental modes, where the number of tin turnovers is calculated, greatly shortens processing time and improves quality of the product. In this case there is no superheating, all tins are evenly heated. The study results will contribute to equipment modernization and to preserving valuable food qualities.

Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gomólka ◽  
B. Gomólka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Patent Claim ◽  
Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

Modeling of aerated upflow fixed bed reactors for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Number Of Cells

A mathematical model for nitrification in an aerated fixed bed reactor has been developed. This model is based on material balances in the bulk liquid, gas phase and in the biofilm area. The fixed bed is divided into a number of cells according to the reduced remixing behaviour. A fixed bed cell consists of 4 compartments: the support, the gas phase, the bulk liquid phase and the stagnant volume containing the biofilm. In the stagnant volume the biological transmutation of the ammonia is located. The transport phenomena are modelled with mass transfer formulations so that the balances could be formulated as an initial value problem. The results of the simulation and experiments are compared.

Theoretical analysis of counter-current absorption of a poorly soluble gas based on the PDE-AD model

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Moravec ◽  
Vladimír Staněk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Interfacial Transport ◽  
Gaseous Component ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Counter Current

Expression have been derived in the paper for all four possible transfer functions between the inlet and the outlet gas and liquid steams under the counter-current absorption of a poorly soluble gas in a packed bed column. The transfer functions have been derived for the axially dispersed model with stagnant zone in the liquid phase and the axially dispersed model for the gas phase with interfacial transport of a gaseous component (PDE - AD). calculations with practical values of parameters suggest that only two of these transfer functions are applicable for experimental data evaluation.

Reesterification of ethyl acetate by propanol catalysed by glycidyl methacrylate copolymers containing sulphonic acid groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1941-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Setínek
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymers ◽  
Styrene Divinylbenzene

A series of differently crosslinked macroporous 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate-ethylenedimethacrylate copolymers with chemically bonded propylsulphonic acid groups were used as catalysts for the kinetic study of reesterification of ethyl acetate by n-propanol in the liquid phase at 52 °C and in the gas phase at 90 °C. Analysis of kinetic data by the method of nonlinear regression for a series of equations of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type showed that kinetic equations which describe best the course of the reaction are the same as for the earlier studied sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers. Compared types of catalysts differ, however, in the dependence of their activity on the degree of crosslinking of the copolymer used.

High-temperature properties of liquid-phase-sintered α-SiC

2000 ◽  
Vol 282 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Jensen ◽  
William E. Luecke ◽  
Nitin P. Padture ◽  
Sheldon M. Wiederhorn
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
High Temperature Properties
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document