Direct measurement of the absolute kinetics of chlorine atom in carbon tetrachloride

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 442-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Chateauneuf
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Chlorine Atom ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Kinetics Of

Carbon tetrachloride biodegradation in a fixed-biofilm reactor and its kinetic study

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jin ◽  
A. J. Englande
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Biphasic Model ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fixed Biofilm

Kinetics of Carbon Tetrachloride biodegradation are evaluated in a continuous-flow fixed-biofilm reactor with controlled initial redox potential. The column was seeded with a mixed culture of indigenous microorganisms Pseudomonas cepacia and Providencia stuartii. The fixed biofilm reactor exhibited 98%–99.9% biodegradation of CT introduced into the reactor at an initial concentration of about 200 μg/l for retention times of 1 to 4 days respectively. Four models were employed to evaluate the kinetics of CT biodegradation. These included: Eckenfelder (1989), Arvin (1991), Bouwer and McCarty (1985) and a biphasic model. Comparison of calculated results with observed results between these models agreed very closely to each other (0.968 < R2 < 0.999). Predicted performance was best described by the model of Bouwer and McCarty (1985). However, the biphasic and Eckenfelder models provided excellent correlations and were much simpler to apply. The biphasic model yielded very good correlations of the data for all detention times evaluated; whereas, the Eckenfelder model effected comparable results only at the longer retention times studied.

Direct measurement of the absolute value of the interaction force between the fiber probe and the sample in a scanning near-field optical microscope

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lapshin ◽  
V. S. Letokhov ◽  
G. T. Shubeita ◽  
S. K. Sekatskii ◽  
G. Dietler
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Fiber Probe ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute
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