Formation of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, the precursor of mC7N units in ansamycin antibiotics, by a new variant of the shikimate pathway

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941-4943 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Kim ◽  
A. Kirschning ◽  
P. Bergon ◽  
Y. Ahn ◽  
J. J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
New Variant

ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 3-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic Acid, the Precursor of mC7N Units in Ansamycin Antibiotics, by a New Variant of the Shikimate Pathway.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (37) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
C.-G. KIM ◽  
A. KIRSCHNING ◽  
P. BERGON ◽  
Y. AHN ◽  
J. J. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
New Variant

Biosynthesis of naphthomycin A in Streptomyces collinus

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Lee ◽  
Sheng-Wan Tsao ◽  
Ching-Jer Chang ◽  
Xian-Guo He ◽  
Heinz G. Floss
Keyword(s):  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Streptomyces Collinus ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Starter Unit ◽  
Rifamycin B ◽  
C Nmr

The biosynthesis of naphthomycin A (1) in Streptomyces collinus was studied in feeding experiments with single and multiple 13C-labeled precursors followed by 13C NMR analysis of the labeling and 13C–13C coupling patterns in the product. The results indicate that 1 is assembled via the polyketide pathway from 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (2) as the starter unit (mC7N unit) plus seven propionate and six acetate chain extension units. 2 is synthesized via the shikimate pathway by a process that attaches the nitrogen to the carbon derived from C1 of erythrose 4-phosphate, consistent with a new branch of the shikimate pathway recently discovered to operate in the biosynthesis of the mC7N unit of rifamycin B.

Estimating the Valence of Single Stimuli: A New Variant of the Affective Simon Task

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Voß ◽  
Klaus Rothermund ◽  
Dirk Wentura
Keyword(s):  
Simon Task ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Evaluation Task ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Game Context

Abstract. In this article, a modified variant of the Affective Simon Task (AST; De Houwer & Eelen, 1998 ) is presented as a measure of implicit evaluations of single stimuli. In the AST, the words “good” or “bad” have to be given as responses depending on the color of the stimuli. The AST was combined with an evaluation task to increase the salience of the valence of the presented stimuli. Experiment 1 investigated evaluations of schematic faces showing emotional expressions. In Experiment 2 we measured the valence of artificial stimuli that acquired valence in a game context during the experiment. Both experiments confirm the validity of the modified AST. The results also revealed a dissociation between explicit and implicit evaluations.

The Economic Theory of the Firm: A Generalization

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Storchevoy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Boundaries Of The Firm ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
New Variant

The paper deals with development of a general theory of the firm. It discusses the demand for such a theory, reviews existing approaches to its generalization, and offers a new variant of general theory of the firm based on the contract theory. The theory is based on minimization of opportunistic behaviour determined by the material structure of production (a classification of ten structural factors is offered). This framework is applied to the analysis of three boundaries problems (boundaries of the job, boundaries of the unit, boundaries of the firm) and five integration dilemmas (vertical, horizontal, functional, related, and conglomerate).

Biotransformation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the rhizosphere of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wang ◽  
T. Zhou1 ◽  
K. Li ◽  
X.W. Guo ◽  
Y.S. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid

System of suborder Schistosomatida (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
D.A. Azimov ◽  
F.D. Akramova ◽  
E.B. Shakarboev
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Research System ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Trichobilharzia Ocellata

The purpose of the research: system retrofit of suborder Schistosomatidа in reliance on their morfo-biological distinctions. Materials and methods. Samples of adult and 5 species of larvas have been collected and tested: Schistosoma turkestanicum Skryabin, 1913, Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewsky, 1899), Trichobilharzia ocellata (La Valette, 1854), Dendritobilharzia loossi Skryabin, 1924 and Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910. Adult phases of trematode have been identified in accordance to common methods. Identification of cercaria larva produced by water living shell-fish (Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Physidae, Melanoididae) has been carried out according to indicators. Current system of trematode suborder Schistosomatidа - vertebrate animals and man parasites are analyzed. Results and discussion. New variant of system of trematode suborder Schistosomatidа order is proposed. Schistosomatida morfo-biological distinctions and biocycles are taken as a basis. Two families are distinguished in this suborder: Schistosomatidae and Bilharziellidae, which represent parasites of warm-blooded vertebrate animals. There are two families of Sanguinicolidae and Spirorchiidae in suborder Sanguinicolida, which consist of fish and reptile parasites respectively. For Schistosomatida order the new underclass Schistosomatidea is founded. Sanguinicolida order is left as the part of Digenea underclass consisting of androgynous fluke.

New variant of ISOMAP for imperfect manifold

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1987-1990
Author(s):  
Chao SHAO ◽  
Hui-juan ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Variant
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