Electrical Conductance and Density of Molten Salt Systems: KCl–LiCl, KCl–NaCl and KCl–KI

1955 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Van Artsdalen ◽  
I. S. Yaffe
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Salt Systems

Volumetrie Anomalies in the Molten Salt Systems KI-TlI and TlCl-TlBr

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1846-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Buckle ◽  
P. E. Tsaoussoglou
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Salt Systems

The densities of molten KI and TlI measured pyknometrically at various temperatures are slightly higher (0.1-0.2%) than the Archimedian values previously found by other workers. Molar volumes in the molten systems KI-TlI and TlCl-TlBr have also been measured pyknometrically. In the first system the relative excess volume is negative and in the second positive but as usual the melts expand on heating. The maximum deviations are about 2.5% and 1.5% respectively. In KI-TlI the excess volume-composition isotherm shows a double minimum at low temperatures, resembling the shape of the electrical conductance isotherms. The attribution of volumetric contractions to the relaxation of the thallium-ligand binding is supported by these results and by nmr evidence.

scholarly journals Electrical Conductance of Molten Salt Systems: Ag2O-B2O3and Ag2O-Na2O-B2O3

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kodama ◽  
Yoshihiro Kimura ◽  
Toshio Yokokawa ◽  
Kichizo Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Salt Systems

The electrical conductance of the molten salt systems PbCl2 + NaCl, PbCl2 + RbCl, and PbCl2 + CsCl

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
CJ Macky
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Salt Systems

The specific conductances of molten mixtures of PbC12+MCl (M = Na, Rb, Cs) have been measured as functions of composition and temperatures from 800�C (or in some cases 850�C) to within a few degrees of the liquidus. The system PbCl2+CsCl exhibits a pronounced maximum of activation energy for conductance at 0.67 mole fraction CsCl. Equivalent conductances of the systems have been calculated and have been plotted against atomic ratio of Pb/Cl. An attempt has been made to explain the conductance results on the basis of the transport theory of Adam and Gibbs. The results are best explained by the presence in the PbCl2+RbCl and PbCl2+CsCl systems of complex ions of formula PbCl42-.

scholarly journals Developing Practical Models of Complex Salts for Molten Salt Reactors

Thermo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Besmann ◽  
Juliano Schorne-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Calphad Approach ◽  
Coordination Numbers ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Complex Salts ◽  
Salt Systems ◽  
Fitting Model

Molten salt reactors (MSRs) utilize salts as coolant or as the fuel and coolant together with fissile isotopes dissolved in the salt. It is necessary to therefore understand the behavior of the salts to effectively design, operate, and regulate such reactors, and thus there is a need for thermodynamic models for the salt systems. Molten salts, however, are difficult to represent as they exhibit short-range order that is dependent on both composition and temperature. A widely useful approach is the modified quasichemical model in the quadruplet approximation that provides for consideration of first- and second-nearest-neighbor coordination and interactions. Its use in the CALPHAD approach to system modeling requires fitting parameters using standard thermodynamic data such as phase equilibria, heat capacity, and others. A shortcoming of the model is its inability to directly vary coordination numbers with composition or temperature. Another issue is the difficulty in fitting model parameters using regression methods without already having very good initial values. The proposed paper will discuss these issues and note some practical methods for the effective generation of useful models.

Thermodynamic properties of the binary molten salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, by measurement of the electromotive forces of galvanic cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
MS White
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Salt Systems

The electromotive forces of galvanic cells for the formation of PbBr2 in the molten binary salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2,-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, have been measured. Activities, activity coefficients and partial molar free energies have been calculated for each component of the three systems. Integral free energies of mixing have also been calculated. Various models of mixing of molten salts have been applied to the results. The systems contain complex ions, probably mixtures of PbBr42-, PbBr64- with some PbBr3-.

Accurate Procedure for Determining the Calibration Curve of High-Temperature Molten Salt Systems via Raman Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Dai ◽  
G. Mamantov ◽  
J. E. Coffield ◽  
G. M. Begun ◽  
J. P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Accurate Procedure ◽  
Salt Systems
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