Critical Solution-Temperature Phenomena in the Ternary System Phenol-Thymol-Water

1929 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Wilcox ◽  
C. R. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature

scholarly journals Phase Equilibria in the Systems Acetone–Methanol, Acetone–Cyclohexane, Methanol–Cyclohexane, and Acetone–Methanol–Cyclohexane

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
S. C. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Excess Gibbs Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Vapor Composition ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Methanol System

The vapor pressure and vapor composition of the methanol–cyclohexane system were investigated at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50°. The same properties of the binary systems: acetone–methanol and acetone–cyclohexane, as well as those of the ternary system: methanol–cyclohexane–acetone, were determined experimentally at 25°. The total pressures and compositions of the vapor for solutions lying close to the critical solution temperature of the binary system or close to the plait point of the ternary system are constant within the range of experimental accuracy. All these systems show azeotropic behavior. The methanol–cyclohexane system has an equimolar excess Gibbs free energy, GE, at 25° of 384.7 cal/mol, while the corresponding equimolar value of GE for the acetone–methanol system at 25° is 102.6 and for the acetone–cyclohexane system, at 25°, it is 274.5 cal/mol.

THE SYSTEM ALUMINUM–ANTIMONY–BISMUTH

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
J. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anomalous Form ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
Isothermal Analysis

A complete study, by the methods of thermal and isothermal analysis and of X-ray powder photography, has been made of the equilibrium diagram of the system aluminum–antimony–bismuth. The critical solution temperature and composition of the congruent liquids in the system aluminum–bismuth have been determined as have also the compositions of congruent liquids in the ternary system. The only compound occurring in this system is AlSb and the solid model is largely occupied by the equilibrium surface of this compound.An explanation of the anomalous form of the solidus in the antimony–bismuth system is given.

Densities, Excess Volumes, Surface Tensions, Viscosities, and Dielectric Constants of the Systems: Methanol–Cyclohexane, Acetone–Methanol, Acetone–Cyclohexane, and Methanol–Cyclohexane–Acetone

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
S. C. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Molecular Surface ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Molar Polarization ◽  
Horizontal Portion

The density, dielectric constant, change of volume on mixing, refractive index, surface tension, and viscosity of the methanol–cyclohexane system have been investigated experimentally at temperatures ranging from 25° to 50°. The same properties of the binary systems acetone–methanol and acetone–cyclohexane, as well as of the ternary system methanol–cyclohexane–acetone were determined experimentally at 25°. The critical region of the partially miscible system methanol–cyclohexane has been investigated by determining the above physical properties at temperatures above and below the critical solution temperature. A similar investigation of the ternary system has been made, isothermally at 25°, by investigating solutions lying in the neighborhood of the plait point.The surface tension or a derived function of it, viz. the molecular surface energy, does not show a horizontal portion of the isotherm in the methanol–cyclohexane system, but the ternary system does show such a constant surface tension, probably fortuitously, all along the tangential line. The viscosity exhibits anomaly.All the systems show azeotropic behavior. The methanol–cyclohexane and acetone–cyclohexane systems show marked deviations in molar polarization from linearity and this agrees with the thermodynamic data, which indicate larger than unity values for the activity coefficients of the components' behavior (1). The viscosity isotherms of all these systems give no indication of the formation of any stable compound.

Selective Hydrogen Bonding Controls Temperature Response of Layer-by-Layer Upper Critical Solution Temperature Micellar Assemblies

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaksei Aliakseyeu ◽  
Victoria Albright ◽  
Danielle Yarbrough ◽  
Samantha Hernandez ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Upper Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Lbl Films

This work establishes a correlation between the selectivity of hydrogen-bonding interactions and the functionality of micelle-containing layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies. Specifically, we explore LbL films formed by assembly of poly(methacrylic acid)...

scholarly journals Thermo- and Photoresponsive Behaviors of Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Organogels Consisting of Homopolymers of Coumarin-Containing Methacrylate

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Seidai Okada ◽  
Eriko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Coumarin-containing vinyl homopolymers, such as poly(7-methacryloyloxycoumarin) (P1a) and poly(7-(2′-methacryloyloxyethoxy)coumarin) (P1b), show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in chloroform, which can be controlled by the [2 + 2] photochemical cycloaddition of the coumarin moiety, and they are recognized as monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers. A single functional group of monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers responds to dual stimuli and can be introduced more uniformly and densely than those of dual-functional dual-stimuli-responsive polymers. In this study, considering a wide range of applications, organogels consisting of P1a and P1b, i.e., P1a-gel and P1b-gel, respectively, were synthesized, and their thermo- and photoresponsive behaviors in chloroform were investigated in detail. P1a-gel and P1b-gel in a swollen state (transparent) exhibited phase separation (turbid) through a temperature jump and reached a shrunken state (transparent), i.e., an equilibrium state, over time. Moreover, the equilibrium degree of swelling decreased non-linearly with increasing temperature. Furthermore, different thermoresponsive sites were photopatterned on the organogel through the photodimerization of the coumarin unit. The organogels consisting of homopolymers of coumarin-containing methacrylate exhibited unique thermo- and photoresponsivities and behaved as monofunctional dual-stimuli-responsive organogels.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a thermoresponsive crosslinked MEO2MA polymer coating on microclusters of iron oxide nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lapresta-Fernández ◽  
Alfonso Salinas-Castillo ◽  
Luis Fermín Capitán-Vallvey
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Azo Initiator

AbstractEncapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) with a thermopolymeric shell of a crosslinked poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) P(MEO2MA) is successfully developed. Magnetic aggregates of large size, around 150–200 nm are obtained during the functionalization of the iron oxide NPs with vinyl groups by using 3-butenoic acid in the presence of a water soluble azo-initiator and a surfactant, at 70 °C. These polymerizable groups provide a covalent attachment of the P(MEO2MA) shell on the surface of the MNPs while a crosslinked network is achieved by including tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the precipitation polymerization synthesis. Temperature control is used to modulate the swelling-to-collapse transition volume until a maximum of around 21:1 ratio between the expanded: shrunk states (from 364 to 144 nm in diameter) between 9 and 49 °C. The hybrid Fe3O4@P(MEO2MA) microgel exhibits a lower critical solution temperature of 21.9 °C below the corresponding value for P(MEO2MA) (bulk, 26 °C). The MEO2MA coating performance in the hybrid microgel is characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The content of preformed MNPs [up to 30.2 (wt%) vs. microgel] was established by thermogravimetric analysis while magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometry.

A polyelectrolyte-containing copolymer with a gas-switchable lower critical solution temperature-type phase transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Jin Li ◽  
Yin-Ning Zhou ◽  
Zheng-Hong Luo ◽  
Shiping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Lower Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Type Phase

A polyelectrolyte-containing copolymer with a CO2/N2-switchable cloud point, resulting from the gas-induced alternation of hydrophilicity, was prepared.

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