THE STRUCTURE OF WATER AND HYDROPHOBIC BONDING IN PROTEINS. III. THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF HYDROPHOBIC BONDS IN PROTEINS1,2

1962 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Némethy ◽  
Harold A. Scheraga
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Hydrophobic Bonding

Thermodynamic properties of cotton dyeing with indigo dyes in non-aqueous media of liquid paraffin and D5

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110117
Author(s):  
Jie Fan ◽  
Min Shao ◽  
Junhua Miao ◽  
Junran Ma ◽  
Mingan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Bonding Structure ◽  
Indigo Dyes ◽  
Hydrophobic Bonding ◽  
Cotton Dyeing

On the basis of investigation into the dyeing equilibrium of cotton fibers with indigo dyes in decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), liquid paraffin and water, the thermodynamic properties of cotton dyeing with indigo dyes in non-aqueous medium systems were studied in comparison with aqueous dyeing. The main works involved are as follows: firstly, the adsorption isotherms were created; then, the three theoretical adsorption models of Nernst, Langmuir and Freundlich were used to fit the adsorption isotherms created; finally, the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms were all in line with the Freundlich model. The order of dyeing affinity was in the sequence: liquid paraffin > D5 > water. The dyeing entropy in the three media showed positive values, which is mainly attributed to the adsorption of both indigo-leuco and water onto cotton fibers, thus reducing the ice-like structure formed among the water molecules in the dyeing system and the hydrophobic bonding structure formed among the non-aqueous medium molecules, then leading to an increase in the system disorder. The dyeing heat in the three media also showed positive values, due mainly to the absorption of thermal energy to “melt” the ice-like structure and to “break” the hydrophobic bonding structure. These dyeing thermodynamic properties are conducive to understanding and interpreting the dyeing performance and behavior of indigo dyes in non-aqueous dyeing systems.

Models of Thermodynamic Properties of Prominences

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
R.W. Milkey
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Observational Techniques

The focus of discussion in Working Group 3 was on the Thermodynamic Properties as determined spectroscopically, including the observational techniques and the theoretical modeling of physical processes responsible for the emission spectrum. Recent advances in observational techniques and theoretical concepts make this discussion particularly timely. It is wise to remember that the determination of thermodynamic parameters is not an end in itself and that these are interesting chiefly for what they can tell us about the energetics and mass transport in prominences.

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