Phosphorescence from phenazine in alkane solvents in the glass transition range: spin-lattice, environment, and orientation relaxation of molecules in the metastable triplet state

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2027-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Nickel ◽  
A. Andreas Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Triplet State ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Glass Transition Range ◽  
Orientation Relaxation ◽  
Alkane Solvents ◽  
Metastable Triplet State

scholarly journals Competition between Structural Relaxation and Crystallization in the Glass Transition Range of Random Copolymers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1778
Author(s):  
Jürgen E. K. Schawe ◽  
Claus Wrana
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
Glass Transition Range ◽  
And Control

Structural relaxation in polymers occurs at temperatures in the glass transition range and below. At these temperatures, crystallization is controlled by diffusion and nucleation. A sequential occurrence of structural relaxation, nucleation, and crystallization was observed for several homopolymers during annealing in the range of the glass transition. It is known from the literature that all of these processes are strongly influenced by geometrical confinements. The focus of our work is copolymers, in which the confinements are caused by the random sequence of monomer units in the polymer chain. We characterize the influence of these confinements on structure formation and relaxation in the vicinity of the glass transition. The measurements were performed with a hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene copolymer (HNBR). The kinetics of the structural relaxation and the crystallization was measured using fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC). This technique was selected because of the high sensitivity, the fast cooling rates, and the high time resolution. Crystallization in HNBR causes a segregation of non-crystallizable segments in the macromolecule. This yields a reduction in mobility in the vicinity of the formed crystals and as a consequence an increased amount of so-called “rigid amorphous fraction” (RAF). The RAF can be interpreted as self-assembled confinements, which limit and control the crystallization. An analysis of the crystallization and the relaxation shows that the kinetic of both is identical. This means that the Kohlrausch exponent of relaxation and the Avrami exponent of crystallization are identical. Therefore, the crystallization is not controlled by nucleation but by diffusion and is terminated by the formation of RAF.

.alpha.-Relaxation in the Glass Transition Range of Amorphous Polymers. 1. Temperature Behavior across the Glass transition

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1516-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alegria ◽  
E. Guerrica-Echevarria ◽  
L. Goitiandia ◽  
I. Telleria ◽  
J. Colmenero
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Amorphous Polymers ◽  
Temperature Behavior ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
Glass Transition Range
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