Divalent surfactants. General characterization of the dodecyl-1,3-propylene-bis(ammonium chloride)/water system

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1703-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakan Hagslaett ◽  
Olle Soederman ◽  
Bengt Joensson ◽  
Lennart B. A. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Water System ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Chloride Water

Diffusion in the decylammonium chloride/ammonium chloride/water system in the lamellar, nematic and isotropic phases

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1860-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Gault ◽  
Edward Kavanagh ◽  
Lazaro A. Rodrigues ◽  
Hugo Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Water System ◽  
Chloride Water

Pressure Effects on Lipidic Direct Phases:  The Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride−Water System

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (25) ◽  
pp. 12410-12418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Paccamiccio ◽  
Michela Pisani ◽  
Francesco Spinozzi ◽  
Claudio Ferrero ◽  
Stephanie Finet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Water System ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Water

Why Does Rationality Matter?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Wedgwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
External World ◽  
Dutch Book ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Internal Rationality

Internalism implies that rationality requires nothing more than what in the broadest sense counts as ‘coherence’. The earlier chapters of this book argue that rationality is in a strong sense normative. But why does coherence matter? The interpretation of this question is clarified. An answer to the question would involve a general characterization of rationality that makes it intuitively less puzzling why rationality is in this strong sense normative. Various approaches to this question are explored: a deflationary approach, the appeal to ‘Dutch book’ theorems, the idea that rationality is constitutive of the nature of mental states. It is argued that none of these approaches solves the problem. An adequate solution will have to appeal to some value that depends partly on how things are in the external world—in effect, an external goal—and some normatively significant connection between internal rationality and this external goal.

Oxamide Oxime Complexes: The Structure of the Complex Bis ( oxamide - oximato )nickel( II) - Hydrogen Chloride - Water, and the Characterization of the Analogous Platinum(II) Complex

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Entires
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Orthorhombic Symmetry ◽  
Complete Structure ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Planar Complex ◽  
Pt Complex ◽  
Chloride Water

Abstract[Ni(C2H5N4O2)2] · HCl · H2O, C4H10N8NiO4 · HCl · H2O, forms triclinic crystals, Mr = 347.36, P1̄, a = 7.219(2), b = 7.316(1), c = 11.797(3) Å, α = 73.89(2), β = 86.37(2), γ = 85.71(2)°, V = 596 Å3 , Z = 2, dc = 1.93 Mgm-3 ; final Rw = 0.028 for 1957 reflections. The planar complex molecules form equidistant stacks along b, with the molecular planes inclined at ~29° to the stacking axis. Molecules of adjacent stacks are linked along a by an intermolecular H bridge coexistins with the usual intramolecular H bridges. The analogous Pt complex, C4H10N8O4Pt · HCl · H2O, Mr = 483.74, a = 6.480(4), b = 16.115(5), c = 12.194(9) Å, β = 101.27(4)°, V = 1249 Å3 , Z = 4, dc = 2.57 Mgm-3 , P21/a, crystallizes in a columnar structure with a Pt-Pt separation of ~a/2 ≈ 3.24 Å. Due to twinning, faking orthorhombic symmetry, a complete structure determination was not possible.

Synthesis and Infrared Spectrum Characterization of Phenylalanine Chelated Calcium Complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1549-1553
Author(s):  
Yu Qi Wu ◽  
Lian Jin Weng ◽  
Yuan Yuan Han ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Di Geng
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Chelate Ring ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Water System ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Preparation Conditions

The preparation conditions in the water system of phenylalanine chelated calcium complex have been evaluated though single-factor tests and optimized by uniform design. Then the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: reaction temperature is 40 °C, reaction time is 182 min, the molar ratio of phenylalanine to calcium is 4.3 and pH = 9.0. Under the best conditions, the experimental result gives chelating rate = 87.40% that is 17.12% lower than the prediction = 104.52%.The infrared spectrum characterization has confirmed the formation of phenylalanine-Ca2+ chelates and the existence of chelate ring.

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