A New Multirate-Measurement-Based Estimator:  Emulsion Copolymerization Batch Reactor Case Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Mutha ◽  
W. R. Cluett ◽  
A. Penlidis
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization

scholarly journals Base Case Simulation of a Semi-Batch Emulsion Copolymerization Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Iwan Harsono ◽  
Herman Hindarso ◽  
Nani Indraswati
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Case Simulation ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

It has been long recognized that emulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process involving transport of monomers and other species and free radicals between aqueous phase and organic phases. Though there are a number of models available in the literature, most of them deal only with specific aspects in emulsion polymerization and are far from being general. To simulate this complicated process and to achieve an adequate level of understanding, a Polymer Plus' software from Aspen Technology, Inc. has been used. The objective of this work is to illustrate the principle use of Polymers Plus' and to simulate and analysis the free-radical seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene-butadiene process model in a semi-batch reactor. The base case simulation can be used to gain process understanding by analyzing how process variables and operating conditions during the course of a semi-batch reactor affect product quality.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of landfill leachate: efford landfill, Hampshire, UK - a case study

2019 ◽  
pp. 377-387
Author(s):  
Steve Last ◽  
Jonty Olufsen ◽  
Howard Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
N Removal

Demand for of on-site treatment schemes that are capable of treating landfill leachates to highstandards has grown substantially during the last two decades. Increasingly, plants are beingrequired to discharge high quality effluents directly into surface watercourses, or to provide ahigh degree of treatment prior to discharge into the public sewerage system. This trend is certainto continue - primarily driven in the United Kingdom in recent months by the requirements of theEU IPPC Directive, which demands the application of Best Available Techniques (BAT), and bythe EU Water Framework Directive.Aerobic biological treatment of leachate from domestic landfills has widely been shown to be themost appropriate, reliable and successful treatment technique to consistently meet stringentdischarge constraints with minimal operator input. The cost of this technology is also oftenfavourable, when compared with alternative processes. More than 50 plants of this type arecurrently operational in the United Kingdom, making it by far the most widely adopted on-sitetreatment technology, and many other examples exist overseas.This paper provides a detailed case study of the design, construction and commissioning of abiological, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) leachate treatment plant for Hampshire CountyCouncil, at Efford Landfill Site in the New Forest in Hampshire, UK.Since plant commissioning was completed by the authors during early 2003, extensive anddetailed monitoring data have been collected. These are presented for the plant, which is capable 3 of treating up to 150 m /day of strong methanogenic leachate (ammoniacal-N from 600-1 000mg/1), and are compared with treatment performances achieved at other full-scale leachatetreatment plants. The paper shows 80D5 and ammoniacal-N removal efficiencies in excess of99%.Results also show the efficiency of polishing treatment in a reed bed, before discharge of finaleffluent to public sewer.

A comparison of dynamic event tree methods – Case study on a chemical batch reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 542-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Karanki ◽  
V.N. Dang ◽  
M.T. MacMillan ◽  
L. Podofillini
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Tree Methods

Optical Fiber Technology for Monitoring and Preventing Biomass Washout from Bioreactors: a Case Study with a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio C. Silva ◽  
Martinho A. S. Martins ◽  
Lúcia Bilro ◽  
Rogério N. Nogueira ◽  
Isabel Capela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Fiber Technology

scholarly journals Successful Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology in Prediction and Monitoring of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India with Fragmented Sewerage Systems- A Case Study of Jaipur (India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipti Arora ◽  
Aditi Nag ◽  
Aakanksha Kalra ◽  
Vikky Sinha ◽  
Ekta Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
List Type ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
The City ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractThe present study tracked the city-wide dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the wastewater from nine different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Jaipur during second wave of COVID-19 out-break in India. A total of 164 samples were collected weekly between February 19th and June 8th, 2021. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 47.2% (52/110) influent samples and 37% (20/54) effluent samples. The increasing percentage of positive influent samples correlated with the city’s increasing active clinical cases during the second wave of COVID-19 in Jaipur. Furthermore, WBE based evidence clearly showed early detection of about 20 days (9/9 samples reported positive on April 20th, 2021) prior to the maximum cases & maximum deaths reported in the city on May 8th, 2021. The present study further observed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in treated effluents at the time window of maximum active cases in the city even after tertiary disinfection treatments of UV & Chlorine. The average genome concentration in the effluents and removal efficacy of six commonly used treatments; Activated Sludge Treatment + Chlorine disinfection (ASP + Cl2), Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) with Ultraviolet radiations disinfection (MBBR + UV), MBBR + Chlorine (Cl2), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and SBR + Cl2 were compared with removal efficacy of SBR + Cl2 (81.2%)> MBBR + UV (68.8%) > SBR (57.1%) > ASP (50%) > MBBR + Cl2(36.4%). The study observed the trends & prevalence of four genes (E, RdRp, N, and ORF1ab gene) based on two different kits and found that prevalence of N> ORF1ab >RdRp> E gene, suggested that the effective genome concentration should be calculated based on the presence/absence of multiple genes. Hence, it is imperative to say that using a combination of different detection genes (E, N, RdRp & ORF1ab genes) reduce false positives in WBE.Graphical AbstractHighlightsSuccessful application of WBE with prediction of 14-20 days for COVID-19 in JaipurA comparison of SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal efficacy of 9 WWTPs was investigatedSBR showed better performance than MBBR with SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal from wastewaterPresence of SARS-CoV-2 in effluents even after UV and Chlorine disinfectionUsing a combination of different detection genes reduce false positives in WBE

scholarly journals Base case simulation of a semi-batch emulsion copolymerization process: application to styrene/ butadiene system

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
I Harsono ◽  
H Hindarso ◽  
N Indraswati
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Case Simulation ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

It has been long recognized that emulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process involving transport of monomers, free radicals, and other species between aqueous phase and organic phase. Though there are a number of models available in the literature, most of them deal only with specific aspects in emulsion polymerization and are far from being general. To simulate this complicated process and to achieve an adequate level of understanding, a Polymers Plus software from Aspen Technology. Inc. was used. The objective of this work is to illustrate the principle of use of Polymers Plus, simulate, and analyze the free-radical seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene­butadiene process model in a semi-batch reactor. The base case simulation can be used to gain process understanding by analyzing how process variables and operating conditions during the course of a semi-batch reactor affect the product quality.Keywords: Polymers Plus, Emulsion Copolymerization, Simulation, Semi Batch Reactor, Styrene/ butadiene AbstrakTelah diketahui sejak lama bahwa polimerisasi emulsi merupakan sebuah proses heterogen yang kompleks, yang meliputi perpindahan monomer, radikal bebas, dan senyawa lainnya dalam fasa air dan fasa organik. Walaupun dalam literatur terdapat berbagai model, sebagian besar hanya membahas tentang aspek-aspek khusus dalam polimerisasi emulsi yang belurn berlaku umum. Untuk melakukan simulasi serta meningkatkan pemahaman tentang proses yang kompleks ini, digunakan perangkat lunak Polymers Plus dari Aspen Technology, Inc. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ilustrasi tentang prinsip penggunaan Polymers Plus serta melakukan simulasi dan analisis tentang model untuk proses kopolimerisasi emulsi styrene-butadiene dengan free radical seeded dalam reaktor semi batch. Simulasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh pemahaman proses dengan menganalisis pengaruh variabel-variabel proses dan kondisi operasi dalam reaktor semi batch terhadap kualitas produk.Kata Kunci: Polymers Plus, Kopolimerisasi Emulsi, Simulasi, Reaktor Semi Batch, Stiren/ butadien

Biodegradation of ametryn and dicamba in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajanuru Basappa Mahesh ◽  
Basavaraju Manu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Abstract Agricultural runoff often contains persistent halogenated herbicide compounds like 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryn) and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba). These can enter the food chain through drinking water, causing serious effects for people and the environment. A sequential anaerobic reactor followed by an aerobic reactor was operated and investigated for herbicide removal efficiency at constant, three-day, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.2025 kg-COD/m3/d. The effect of the herbicides on anaerobic bacteria was evaluated based on total biogas production and bacterial activity, which indicated that there was no inhibition on the acclimated biomass. The sequential reactor pair removed 72% of ametryn and 78% dicamba, with COD removal efficiencies of 86% and 85% respectively. The different high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks indicate that the compounds are biotransformed and this was confirmed by gas chromatograph high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS).

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