Biodegradation of ametryn and dicamba in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajanuru Basappa Mahesh ◽  
Basavaraju Manu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Abstract Agricultural runoff often contains persistent halogenated herbicide compounds like 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryn) and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba). These can enter the food chain through drinking water, causing serious effects for people and the environment. A sequential anaerobic reactor followed by an aerobic reactor was operated and investigated for herbicide removal efficiency at constant, three-day, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.2025 kg-COD/m3/d. The effect of the herbicides on anaerobic bacteria was evaluated based on total biogas production and bacterial activity, which indicated that there was no inhibition on the acclimated biomass. The sequential reactor pair removed 72% of ametryn and 78% dicamba, with COD removal efficiencies of 86% and 85% respectively. The different high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks indicate that the compounds are biotransformed and this was confirmed by gas chromatograph high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS).

scholarly journals Kinetic of Biogas Production in a Batch Anaerobic Digestion Process with Interference of Preservative Material of Sodium Benzoate

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-906
Author(s):  
Indro Sumantri ◽  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Kinetic Rate Constant ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Synthetic Solution

Sodium benzoate is a preservative compounds which are widely used for both food and beverage products. The treatment of waste water containing this compound was normally conducted in a anaerobic digestion (AD) using a batch reactor system at a room temperature. The anaerobic process eventually produced biogas which can be used for bioenergy. This research was aimed to evaluate the production of biogas from by synthetic solution models containing sodium benzoate (SB). The experiment was performed in a variation of Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS) of 4.8 and 7.2 g/L, and initial sodium benzoate concentration of 400, 600, and 800 mg/L. The digestion was performed at 60 days, while the biogas content was measured every 2 days. The results indicated a reduction in the cumulative biogas by the addition of sodium benzoate, compared to the control condition. Moreover, the decrease in organic loading rate (OLR) of SB in wastewater follows the first order kinetic with kinetic rate constant (k) was 0.0432 to 0.1254 (day−1) for MLSS of 4.8 g/L and 0.0276 to 0.0372 (day−1) for 7.2 g/L MLSS. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals HPTLC-PCA Complementary to HRMS-PCA in the Case Study of Arbutus unedo Antioxidant Phenolic Profiling

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Maldini ◽  
Gilda D’Urso ◽  
Giordana Pagliuca ◽  
Giacomo Luigi Petretto ◽  
Marzia Foddai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Digital Record ◽  
Resolution Mass

A comparison between High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis and Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC–HRMS), coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out by performing a combined metabolomics study to discriminate Arbutus unedo (A. unedo) plants. For a rapid digital record of A. unedo extracts (leaves, yellow fruit, and red fruit collected in La Maddalena and Sassari, Sardinia), HPTLC was used. Data were then analysed by PCA with the results of the ability of this technique to discriminate samples. Similarly, extracts were acquired by non-targeted LC–HRMS followed by unsupervised PCA, and then by LC–HRMS (MS) to identify secondary metabolites involved in the differentiation of the samples. As a result, we demonstrated that HPTLC may be applied as a simple and reliable untargeted approach to rapidly discriminate extracts based on tissues and/or geographical origins, while LC–HRMS could be used to identify which metabolites are able to discriminate samples.

THE USE OF CASE STUDY METHOD IN TEACHING THE TERMINOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
The United States ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Manufacturing Machine

The scientific research works concerning the field of mechanical engineering such as, manufacturing machine slate, soil tillage, sowing and harvesting based on the requirements for the implementation of agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of plants in its transportation, through the development of mastering new types of high-performance and energy-saving machines in manufacturing machine slate, creation of multifunctional machines, allowing simultaneous soil cultivation, by means of several planting operations, integration of agricultural machine designs are taken into account in manufacturing of the local universal tractor designed basing on high ergonomic indicators. For this reason, this article explores the use of case studies in teaching agricultural terminology by means analyzing the researches in machine building. Case study method was firstly used in 1870 in Harvard University of Law School in the United States. Also in the article, we give the examples of agricultural machine-building terms, teaching terminology and case methods, case study process and case studies method itself. The research works in the field of mechanical engineering and the use of case studies in teaching terminology have also been analyzed. In addition, the requirements for the development of case study tasks are given in their practical didactic nature. We also give case study models that allow us analyzing and evaluating students' activities.

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