Assessment of Noncatalytic Biodiesel Synthesis Using Supercritical Reaction Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (18) ◽  
pp. 6801-6808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanawan Pinnarat ◽  
Phillip E. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Reaction

Optimization of biodiesel synthesis under simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation using response surface methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Teymor Tavakoli Hashjin ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhasan Najafi ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.

scholarly journals Synthesis of NdAlO3 Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Catalytic Capacity for Biodiesel Synthesis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionicio-Navarrete ◽  
Arrieta-Gonzalez ◽  
Quinto-Hernandez ◽  
Casales-Diaz ◽  
Zuñiga-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Capacity

Biodiesel synthesis was carried out via heterogeneous catalysis of canola oil with nanoparticles of a mixed oxide based on rare earths. The catalyst synthesis (NdAlO3) was carried out based on the method proposed by Pechini for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) analysis was performed on the nanoparticle precursor gel in order to establish the optimum conditions for its calcination, with these being of 800 °C over 24 h. A pure NdAlO3 compound with an approximate size of 100 nm was obtained. The products of the transesterification reaction were analyzed using gas chromatography, FTIR, and NMR. The optimum reaction conditions were determined, namely, the temperature effect, reaction time, methanol:oil mass ratio, and recyclability of the catalyst. These studies showed the following optimal conditions: 200 °C, 5 h, methanol:oil mass ratio of 6:1, and a constant decrease in the catalytic activity of the catalyst was observed for up to six reuses, which later remained constant at around a 50% conversion rate. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained with the optimum conditions was around 75%. Analysis of the reaction products showed that the residual oil showed a chemical composition different from that of the source oil, and that both the biodiesel and glycerol obtained were of high purity.

scholarly journals Kinetics of transesterification of Madhuca Indica oil over modified zeolites: biodiesel synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Pratap ◽  
SZM Shamshuddin ◽  
N Thimmaraju ◽  
M Shyamsundar ◽  
SS Reena
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Basic Zeolites ◽  
Modified Zeolites ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Nay Zeolites

In this article production of biodiesel from Madhuca indica oil (MI-oil) containing high % of free fatty acids (FFA) by transesterification process with methanol over basic zeolites such as NaY loaded with 5-25% KOH is presented. The zeolites were characterized by PXRD, BET and CO2-TPD methods prior to their catalytic activity studies. Optimization of reaction conditions for transesterification was conducted in order to get highest possible yield of biodiesel. 1HNMR and FTIR analysis confirms the conversion of MI-oil to biodiesel. The physico-chemical properties of MI-biodiesel were found to be comparable with that of the standard biodiesel. The NaY and KOH/NaY zeolites were found to be efficient and reusable catalysts without much loss of their catalytic activity when used for several times in biodiesel production.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 271-278, 2015

The Degradation of Decabromodiphenyl Ether in the Supercritical Fluid

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Nai Qi ◽  
Wen Sheng Linghu ◽  
Chun Yan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Supercritical Reaction ◽  
Bde 209

Currently, environmental contamination by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the world is of important concern and requires the effective remediation technologies. The degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in the supercritical n-hexane by zerovalent iron was studied in this work. The results showed that BDE-209 can be rapidly reduced into nona-, octa-, hepta-and lower brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) under the supercritical reaction conditions. Among n-hexane, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and mixed n-hexane+ tetrahydrofuran solvents, the conversion of BDE-209 in tetrahydrofuran was the highest. BDE-209 conversion increased with increased reaction temperature and pressure. Under the reaction condition: temperature: 523K; pressure: 3.2Mpa; reaction time: 10min; reaction system: 200ml 50mg BDE-209/L n-hexane; atmosphere: N2and catalyst load: 2g/L, the conversion of BDE-209 was as high as 88.9%.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF DOLOMITE AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST OF BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS

Transport ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1161
Author(s):  
Eglė Sendžikienė ◽  
Violeta Makarevičienė ◽  
Kiril Kazancev
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Some of the more recent methods of obtaining biodiesel are based on heterogeneous catalysis, which has the advantage of multiple uses of a catalyst. Natural minerals, such as dolomite, opoca and serpentinites, could be promising for use in biodiesel synthesis. The purpose of this study was to optimise the reaction conditions for biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil and methanol using dolomite as a catalyst. Optimum reaction conditions for the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol, using dolomite calcined at the temperature of 850 °C, have been identified: the amount of the catalyst – 6%, the molar ratio of methanol to oil – 8:1, the reaction duration – 5 hours and the reaction temperature – 60 °C. The amount of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) of the sunflower oil obtained – 97.6%. FAME is in conformity with the EN 14214:2003 standard, when 500 ppm of antioxidant Ionol and 500 ppm of depressant Infineum R-442 are added. The Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of FAME is reduced to7 °C by adding 500 ppm of Infineum R-442. This product can be used in summer in the countries that are placed in Class E, including Lithuania. It has been established that dolomite without regeneration can be used for the transesterification of sunflower oil 2 times.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on Heteropolyacids for Green Fuels Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Qiuyun Zhang ◽  
Xiaofang Liu ◽  
Taoli Deng ◽  
Yutao Zhang ◽  
Peihua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Green Fuels ◽  
Green Fuel ◽  
Unique Chemical

: Decreasing fossil fuel reserves and growing concerns are driving the utilization of renewable feedstocks as green fuel sources. Heteropolyacids (HPAs) are one of the most promising catalytic materials in green biodiesel production. Their unique chemical and physical properties are outstanding and could allow the preparation of composite materials. In this review, esterification /transesterification for biodiesel synthesis using various types of HPAs base catalysts including pristine HPAs, substituted HPAs, supported HPAs and encapsulated HPAs has been described. In addition, esterification/transesterification reaction conditions such as reaction time and temperature, alcohol content and catalyst dosage affect the catalytic activity of the HPAs base catalysts, which are also discussed in detail. Finally, the present drawbacks and future challenges on HPAs based catalytic systems for the production of biodiesel are also addressed in the concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Development of Magnetic Multi-Shelled Hollow Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Jingang Yao ◽  
Zhaoxia Ren ◽  
Zhenqiang Yu ◽  
Hongzhen Cai
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
One Step

The magnetic CaO-based catalyst has endorsed great enhancements in biodiesel synthesis. In the present work, novel multi-shelled hollow γ-Fe2O3 stabilized CaO microspheres were synthesized using a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The strategy revealed that the well-defined multi-shelled hollow structures were formed with magnetism; the presence of γ-Fe2O3 was the key for the effective structural stabilization, and the multi-shelled hollow structures provided the sites for the active material. The synthesized catalyst was employed for the preparation of biodiesel by transesterification of palm oil and methanol. A four factors response surface methodology was adopted for optimizing the reaction conditions. Ca80Fe20 with a yield of 96.12% performed the highest catalytic activity under reaction conditions of 2 h, a methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, 65 °C and 11 wt. % of catalyst dosage. The catalyst under the optimum transesterification conditions also performed a better recyclability (>85%). In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the four reaction parameters.

scholarly journals Catalytic production of biodiesel from esterification of lauric acid over a solid acid hybrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5760-5764 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Silicotungstic Acid ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, an acidic heterogeneous hybrid (H4SiW/MIL-100(Fe)) was synthesized by incorporation of 12-silicotungstic acid (H4SiW) into a porous metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe) via a simple hydrothermal method. The hybrid was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TGA, and those characterization analyses showed the H4SiW/MIL-100(Fe) hybrid was successfully synthesized and exhibited good structural stability. The catalytic activity of H4SiW/MIL-100(Fe) was determined by esterification of lauric acid (LA) to produce biodiesel. Optimum LA conversion of 80.3% was achieved over the H4SiW/MIL-100(Fe) hybrid under the reaction conditions of lauric acid/methanol mole ratio of 1/12, 0.3 g catalyst dosage at 160°C for 3 h. After being repeatedly used for eleven cycles, the lauric acid conversion of the catalyst could still maintain with >60%, which indicates potential cost-saving and affordable biodiesel synthesis possibilities.

Undecagold labeling of tRNA

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
James F. Hainfeld ◽  
Kyra M. Alford ◽  
Mathias Sprinzl ◽  
Valsan Mandiyan ◽  
Santa J. Tumminia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Transmission Electron Micrograph ◽  
Anticodon Loop ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission

The undecagold (Au11) cluster was used to covalently label tRNA molecules at two specific ribonucleotides, one at position 75, and one at position 32 near the anticodon loop. Two different Au11 derivatives were used, one with a monomaleimide and one with a monoiodacetamide to effect efficient reactions.The first tRNA labeled was yeast tRNAphe which had a 2-thiocytidine (s2C) enzymatically introduced at position 75. This was found to react with the iodoacetamide-Aun derivative (Fig. 1) but not the maleimide-Aun (Fig. 2). Reaction conditions were 37° for 16 hours. Addition of dimethylformamide (DMF) up to 70% made no improvement in the labeling yield. A high resolution scanning transmission electron micrograph (STEM) taken using the darkfield elastically scattered electrons is shown in Fig. 3.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document