scholarly journals Development of Magnetic Multi-Shelled Hollow Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Jingang Yao ◽  
Zhaoxia Ren ◽  
Zhenqiang Yu ◽  
Hongzhen Cai
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
One Step

The magnetic CaO-based catalyst has endorsed great enhancements in biodiesel synthesis. In the present work, novel multi-shelled hollow γ-Fe2O3 stabilized CaO microspheres were synthesized using a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The strategy revealed that the well-defined multi-shelled hollow structures were formed with magnetism; the presence of γ-Fe2O3 was the key for the effective structural stabilization, and the multi-shelled hollow structures provided the sites for the active material. The synthesized catalyst was employed for the preparation of biodiesel by transesterification of palm oil and methanol. A four factors response surface methodology was adopted for optimizing the reaction conditions. Ca80Fe20 with a yield of 96.12% performed the highest catalytic activity under reaction conditions of 2 h, a methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, 65 °C and 11 wt. % of catalyst dosage. The catalyst under the optimum transesterification conditions also performed a better recyclability (>85%). In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the four reaction parameters.

Optimization of biodiesel synthesis under simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation using response surface methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Teymor Tavakoli Hashjin ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhasan Najafi ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.

Optimization of melon oil methyl ester production using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Aliozo ◽  
L. N. Emembolu ◽  
O. D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Central Composite Designs ◽  
American Society

Abstract In this research work, melon oil was used as feedstock for methyl ester production. The research was aimed at optimizing the reaction conditions for methyl ester yield from the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, four variable central composite designs (CCD)was used to optimize and statistically analyze the interaction effect of the process parameter during the biodiesel production processes. A total of 30 experiments were conducted to study the effect of methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time. The optimal yield of biodiesel from melon oil was found to be 94.9% under the following reaction conditions: catalyst weight - 0.8%, methanol to oil molar ratio - 6:1, temperature - 55°C and reaction time of 60mins. The quality of methyl ester produced at these conditions was within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) specification.

scholarly journals Valorization of Solketal Synthesis from Sustainable Biodiesel Derived Glycerol Using Response Surface Methodology

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Gayathri Arun ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Zulqarnain Zulqarnain ◽  
Umesh Deshannavar ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Mohd Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Biodiesel production has gained considerable importance over the last few decades due to the increase in fossil fuel prices as well as toxic emissions of oxygen and nitrogen. The production of biodiesel via catalytic transesterification produces crude glycerol as a co-product along with biodiesel, amounting to 10% of the total biodiesel produced. Glycerol has a low value in its impure form, and the purification of glycerol requires sophisticated technologies and is an expensive process. The conversion of crude glycerol into value-added chemicals such as solketal is the best way to improve the sustainability of biodiesel synthesis using the transesterification reaction. Therefore, the conversion of crude glycerol into the solketal was investigated in a batch reactor simulation model developed by the Aspen Plus V11.0. The non-random two liquid theory (NRTL) method was used as a thermodynamic property package to study the effect of four input ketalization parameters. The model was validated with the findings of previous experimental studies of solketal synthesis using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The influence of the following operating parameters was investigated: reaction time of 10,000 to 60,000 s, reaction temperature of 303 to 323 K, acetone to glycerol molar ratio of 2:1 to 10:1, and catalyst concentration of 0.005 to 0.03 wt %. The optimum solketal yield of 81.36% was obtained at the optimized conditions of 313 K, 9:1, 0.03 wt %, and 40,000 s. The effect of each input parameter on the ketalization process and interaction between input and output parameters was investigated by using the response surface methodology (RSM) optimizer. The relationship between independent and response variables developed by RSM fit most of the simulation data, which showed the accuracy of the model. A second-order differential equation fit the simulation data well and showed an R2 value of 0.99. According to the findings of RSM, the influence of catalyst amount, acetone to glycerol molar ratio, and reaction time were more significant on solketal yield. The effect of temperature on the performance of the reaction was not found to be significant because of the exothermic nature of the process. The findings of this study showed that biodiesel-derived glycerol can be effectively utilized to produce solketal, which can be used for a wider range of applications such as a fuel additive. However, further work is required to enhance the solketal yield by developing new heterogeneous catalysts so that the industrial implementation of its production can be made possible.

scholarly journals Response Surface Methodology Approach for Optimized Biodiesel Production from Waste Chicken Fat Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Fatima Shafiq ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Tooba Touqeer ◽  
Syed Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Biodiesel is gaining acceptance as an alternative fuel in a scenario where fossil fuel reserves are being depleted rapidly. Therefore, it is considered as the fuel of the future due to its sustainability, renewable nature and environment friendly attributes. The optimal yield of biodiesel from cheap feed stock oils is a challenge to add cost effectiveness without compromising the fuel quality. In the current experiment, waste chicken fat oil was taken as the feedstock oil to produce biodiesel through the chemical and enzymatic route of transesterification. The process of chemical transesterification was performed using KOH and sodium methoxide, while enzymatic transesterification was done by using free Aspergillus terreus lipase and Aspergillus terreus lipase immobilized on functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4_PDA_Lipase) as biocatalysts. The physico-chemical properties of the understudy feedstock oil were analyzed to check the feasibility as a feedstock for the biodiesel synthesis. The feedstock oil was found suitable for biodiesel production based upon quality assessment. Optimization of various reaction parameters (the temperature and time of reaction, catalyst concentration and methanol-to-oil mole ratio) was performed based on the response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum yield of biodiesel (90.6%) was obtained from waste chicken fat oil by using Fe3O4_PDA_Lipase as an immobilized nano-biocatalyst. Moreover, the above said optimum yield was obtained when transesterification was done using 6% Fe3O4_PDA_Lipase with a methanol-to-oil ratio of 6:1 at 42 °C for 36 h. Biodiesel production was monitored by FTIR spectroscopic analysis, whereas compositional profiling was done by GC–MS. The measured fuel properties—cloud point, pour point, flash point, fire point and kinematic viscosity—met the biodiesel specifications by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

scholarly journals Catalytic synthesis of n -butyl carboxylate with immobilized ionic liquid based on response surface methodology optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 190166
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Yanhui Hu ◽  
Lilong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Butyl Butyrate ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Methyl Sulfonate

Four kinds of functional ionic liquids (ILs) ([C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]HSO 4 ), 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-1-methylpyrrolidone phosphate ([C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]H 2 PO 4 ), 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-1-methylpyrrolidone p-toluene sulfonate ([C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]CH 3 SO 3 H) and 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-1-methylpyrrolidone methyl sulfonate ([C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]C 6 H 6 SO 3 H)) were prepared and the catalytic activity of these ILs during esterification of carboxylic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) with alcohols was investigated. The results indicated that the IL ([C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]HSO 4 ) exhibited an optimal catalytic performance. And then the IL ([C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]HSO 4 ) was immobilized to the silica gel. The immobilized IL performed more excellent catalytic activity than the unsupported [C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]HSO 4 . The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of acid to alcohol and catalyst dosage were investigated. The response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to explore the best reaction condition of different experimental variables. Accordingly, a high n -butyl butyrate yield of 97.10% under the deduced optimal reaction conditions was obtained, in good agreement with experimental results and that predicted by the BBD model. The immobilized IL [C 3 SO 3 Hnmp]HSO 4 maintained high catalytic activity after five cycles.

Optimisation of the Oil Extraction from Nigella sativa Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Gabriela Isopencu ◽  
Mirela Marfa ◽  
Iuliana Jipa ◽  
Marta Stroescu ◽  
Anicuta Stoica Guzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Experimental Values

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin, an annual herbaceous plant growing especially in Mediterranean countries, has recently gained considerable interest not only for its use as spice and condiment but also for its healthy properties of the fixed and essential oil and its potential as a biofuel. Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil, due to its high content in linoleic acid followed by oleic and palmitic acid, could be beneficial to human health. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for the solvent extraction of Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil using a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained experimental data, fitted by a second-order polynomial equation were analysed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). From a total of 10 coefficients of the statistical model only 5 are important. The obtained experimental values agreed with the predicted ones.

scholarly journals Optimization of biodiesel production from castor oil by response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
A. Garba ◽  
M. M. Abarshi ◽  
M. B. Shuaib ◽  
R. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil and PAHs Degradation by Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KX082814 Strain through Response Surface Methodology Using Box-Behnken Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Siddalingappa Virupakshappa ◽  
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Mohammed Ameenuddin Mehkri
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
Crude Oil Removal

The present paper describes the process optimization study for crude oil degradation which is a continuation of our earlier work on hydrocarbon degradation study of the isolate Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PM-1) with GenBank accession number KX082814. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process wherein temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size (at three levels) were used as independent variables and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand of crude oil and PAHs as dependent variables (response). The statistical analysis, via ANOVA, showed coefficient of determination R2 as 0.7678 with statistically significant P value 0.0163 fitting in second-order quadratic regression model for crude oil removal. The predicted optimum parameters, namely, temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size, were found to be 32.5°C, 9, 12.5, and 12.5 mL, respectively. At this optimum condition, the observed and predicted PAHs and crude oil removal were found to be 71.82% and 79.53% in validation experiments, respectively. The % TPH results correlate with GC/MS studies, BOD, COD, and TPC. The validation of numerical optimization was done through GC/MS studies and   % removal of crude oil.

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