Aconitic Acid from Citric Acid by Catalytic Dehydration

1945 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 963-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Umbdenstock ◽  
Paul F. Bruins
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aconitic Acid

scholarly journals Investigation on Reaction Sequence and Group Site of Citric Acid with Cellulose Characterized by FTIR in Combination with Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijing Cai ◽  
Bolin Ji ◽  
Kelu Yan ◽  
Quan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Aconitic Acid ◽  
Different Temperatures

Cotton fabrics are prone to wrinkles and can be treated with citric acid (CA) to obtain good anti-wrinkle properties. However, the yellowing of the CA-treated fabrics is one big obstacle to the practical application of citric acid. The changing sequence order of CA anhydride and unsaturated acid (the reason for yellowing), such as aconitic acid (AA), has not been investigated. Herein, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2Dcos), and Gaussian calculation were employed to characterize the reaction mechanism between CA with cellulose. FTIR spectra of the CA-treated fabrics heated under different temperatures were collected and further analyzed with 2Dcos. The results indicated the changing sequence order: 1656 cm−1→1784 cm−1→1701 cm−1, (“→” means earlier than), i.e., unsaturated acid→anhydride→ester. Moreover, a change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) showed that trans-AA (ΔG = −22.10 kJ/mol) is more thermodynamically favorable to be formed than CA anhydride 1 (ΔG = −0.90 kJ/mol), which was proved by Gaussian computational modeling. By taking cellobiose as a model of cellulose, the ΔG results proved that O(6)–H(6) on the glucose ring is the most likely hydroxyl to react with anhydride originated from CA or AA, especially with the terminal carbonyl group.

Determination of Aconitic Acid in Mixtures with Citric Acid

1947 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 879-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ambler ◽  
E. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aconitic Acid

scholarly journals Fruit Physiology and Sugar-Acid Profile of 24 Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) Cultivars Grown in Subtropical Region of China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Tengfei Pan ◽  
Muhammad Moaaz Ali ◽  
Jiangmei Gong ◽  
Wenqin She ◽  
Dongming Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Aconitic Acid

In the present study, the fruit physiology and sugar-acid ratio of 24 pomelo cultivars grown in ten different locations of the subtropical region of China were measured. The contents of soluble sugars and organic acids were quantified using high-performance (HPLC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), respectively. The results revealed that the physiological and basic quality attributes of 24 pomelo cultivars, including fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, peel thickness, number of segments, pulp weight, pulp color, soluble solids, and Vitamin C, ranged between 264.63–1945.85 g, 8.60–19.56 g, 7.40–20.70 g, 0.46–3.33 mm, 11–18.66, 210.25–1351.66 g, 8.59–15.14 Brix°, and 34.79–84.58 mg/100 g, respectively. Soluble sugars, i.e., fructose, glucose, and sucrose, ranged between 16.25–24.25, 16.17–24.22, and 19.90–55.28 mg/g, respectively. Similarly, Organic acids, i.e., pyruvate, fumaric acids, succinic acid, tartaric acid, quinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and cis-aconitic acid, in 24 pomelo cultivars ranged between 0.48–1.84, 0.02–0.45, 0–0.05, 0.01–0.1, 0–0.14, 3.01–11.85, 0.18–1.42, and 0.01–0.16 mg/g, respectively. The pomelo cultivars ‘Hongzuanmi’, ‘Minihong’, and ‘Hangwanmi’ exhibited maximum contents of citric acid and pyruvate and showed ultimately excessive organic acids. Overall, the ‘Guanximi’ and its budding cultivars, i.e., ‘Hongroumi’, ‘Huangjinmi’, and ‘Sanhongmi’, had the best quality fruits having maximum sugar-acid ratio. Correlation analysis showed that total soluble sugars had a significantly positive correlation with sucrose contents, while citric acids, malic acid, and pyruvate were positively correlated with total organic acids. The determined sugar-acid profile of pomelo cultivars provides the basis for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating sugars and acids biosynthesis in pomelo.

scholarly journals Identification of Morphine and Heroin-Treatment in Mice Using Metabonomics

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Wuhuan Lu ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Wei Sheng ◽  
Luohua Feng ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Opiate Abuse ◽  
Aconitic Acid

Although heroin and morphine are structural analogues and morphine is a metabolite of heroin, it is not known how the effect of each substance on metabolites in vivo differs. Heroin and morphine were administered to C57BL/6J mice in increasing doses from 2 to 25 and 3 to 9 mg kg−1 (twice a day, i.p.), respectively, for 20 days. The animals underwent withdrawal for 5 days and were readministered the drugs after 10 days. Serum and urine analytes were profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and metabolic patterns were evaluated based on metabonomics data. Metabonomics data showed that heroin administration changed metabolic pattern, and heroin withdrawal did not quickly restore it to baseline levels. A relapse of heroin exposure changed metabolic pattern again. In contrast, although the administration of morphine changed metabolic pattern, whether from morphine withdrawal or relapse, metabolic pattern was similar to control levels. The analysis of metabolites showed that both heroin and morphine interfered with lipid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism. In addition, both heroin and morphine increased the levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and citric acid but decreased the serum levels of 2-ketoglutaric acid and tryptophan. Moreover, heroin and morphine reduced the levels of aconitic acid, cysteine, glycine, and oxalic acid in urine. The results show 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, tryptophan, citric acid and 2-ketoglutaric acid can be used as potential markers of opiate abuse in serum, while oxalic acid, aconitic acid, cysteine, and glycine can be used as potential markers in urine.

Coadministration of citric acid allows oxytetracycline dose reduction in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata infected with Vibrio anguillarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
K Akiyama ◽  
N Hirazawa ◽  
A Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been commonly used as an effective antibiotic against various fish bacterial diseases, including vibriosis. In this study, the absorption-enhancing effect of citric acid on oral OTC pharmacokinetics and treatment of artificial Vibrio anguillarum infection was evaluated in juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata followed by serum OTC concentration analysis. When 25 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) OTC was administered in combination with 1250 mg kg-1 BW citric acid, the serum OTC concentration reached almost the same concentration as that of the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. This coadministration successfully suppressed mortality due to vibriosis similar to the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. Conversely, poor efficacy was observed when only 25 mg kg-1 BW OTC was administered. These results suggest that coadministration of citric acid can be beneficial in reducing the dose of OTC needed for effective treatment, and thus contributes to the goal of reduced use of this antibiotic in aquaculture.

EFFECT OF SERUM GONADOTROPHIN ON DEHYDROGENASES OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE IN THE OVARY OF THE RAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eckstein ◽  
R. Landsberg
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT The succinic, malic and isocitric dehydrogenases in the ovary of immature and mature, normal and serum gonadotrophin injected rats were examined. The Qo2 of these enzymes were markedly enhanced in the gonadotrophin injected rats of both age groups, except in the case of succinic dehydrogenase in the ovary of the immature rats, where a slight non-significant decrease was noted. It is concluded that in the mature rat ovary, gonadotrophin administration stimulates the activity of all the examined dehydrogenases of the citric acid cycle, whereas in the immature rat ovary, at least the isocitric- and malic dehydrogenases are thus stimulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document