UHT Condensate Recovery by Reverse Osmosis: A Pilot-Plant Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (39) ◽  
pp. 15237-15244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Suárez ◽  
Tatiana Fidalgo ◽  
Miguel A. Berdasco ◽  
Francisco A. Riera
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

Long-term pilot plant study using direct chlorination for biofouling control of a chlorine-resistant polyamide reverse osmosis membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cervinia V. Manalo ◽  
Masaki Ohno ◽  
Sunao Nishimoto ◽  
Tetsuji Okuda ◽  
Satoshi Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Biofouling Control ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

Decentralized desalination of brackish water by a directly coupled reverse-osmosis-photovoltaic-system - a pilot plant study in Jordan

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gocht ◽  
A. Sommerfeld ◽  
R. Rautenbach ◽  
Th. Melin ◽  
L. Eilers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
System A ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

Removal of Residual Nutrients and Chemical Additives From Secondary Sewage by Reverse osmosis

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
H. Kirk Johnston ◽  
H.S. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Abstract The suitability of reverse osmosis as a renovation technique for the treatment of municipal wastewaters has been assessed. Cellulose acetate membranes capable of 70% and 90% NaCl rejections were employed in both laboratory and pilot plant studies to evaluate the efficiency of this technique in removing the residual precipitant chemicals generally employed in phosphorus removal programs (iron chloride, alum, and lime) and the nutrients (phosphates, nitrates and ammonia) characteristic of municipal wastewaters. Secondary sewage and raw sewage as well as prepared nutrient solutions were employed in the course of this program. Both laboratory and pilot plant studies indicated consistently outstanding removal efficiencies for the species examined, almost independent of the nature of the waste solutions being treated. Permeation of the purified effluent was subject to significant reductions due to membrane fouling. This characteristic was most pronounced for the more permeable (less selective) membranes. Routine chemical and physical cleanings enable satisfactory flux levels to be maintained, thereby suggesting that reverse osmosis may become a viable municipal waste treatment technique.

Analysing organic micropollutant accumulation in closed loop FO–RO systems: A pilot plant study

2021 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 119182
Author(s):  
Arnout D’Haese ◽  
Juan Carlos Ortega Bravo ◽  
Danny Harmsen ◽  
Lynn Vanhaecke ◽  
Arne R.D. Verliefde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

Oil refinery hazardous effluents minimization by membrane filtration: An on-site pilot plant study

2016 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 762-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Santos ◽  
João G. Crespo ◽  
Maria António Santos ◽  
Svetlozar Velizarov
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

Fluid Mechanics Research and Engineering Application in Non-Newtonian Fluid Systems

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Melton ◽  
W.T. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Circular Pipes ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

Abstract Fluid mechanics research conducted with non-Newtonian fluid systems now permits prediction of the behavior of these fluid systems in both laminar and turbulent modes of flow through circular pipes. Present work concerns non-Newtonian fluid systems currently used in the hydraulic fracturing process. During fracturing treatments, an unsteady-state condition may frequently be encountered arising from' the reaction rate of a chemical additive. This condition must be evaluated in order to predict the actual behavior of a particular fluid during field application. Design and operation of the apparatus used to determine fluid-flow behavior permit obtaining data under such non-equilibrium conditions. This paper shows methods used to obtain rheology measurements, develop hydraulic relationships and evaluate chemical reactions producing unsteady-state conditions. Engineering application of this research is illustrated by employing measured rheological values and developed hydraulic relationships to produce frictional pressure loss (psi/100 ft) vs flow rate (bbl/min) charts of common tubing and casing sizes for an example fracturing fluid. How these charts and chemical reaction rate information are then combined to predict actual turbulent hydraulic behavior during unsteady-state field conditions is also discussed. Introduction Many fluids used in hydraulic fracturing contain chemical additives which impart non-Newtonian fluid properties that may drastically alter their hydraulic behavior. Equally drastic alteration in wellhead pressure, injection rate and hydraulic horsepower requirement may result from these fluid properties. Prior research conducted to relate non-Newtonian fluid properties with hydraulic behavior has not as yet produced a universal relationship, particularly for the turbulent flow region. Which of the many possible non-Newtonian fluid properties is responsible has not been conclusively established. A systematic description, suggested by Metzner, of the many possible non-Newtonian fluid properties exhibited by real - fluid behavior, and a current discussion of theoretical and applied aspects of non-Newtonian fluid technology can be found in Handbook of Fluid Dynamics. Little or no research has previously been attempted with fluids exhibiting time - dependent properties. Addition of chemicals during a fracturing treatment is often accomplished by continuously mixing and displacing the fluid. This produces a time-dependent effect or unsteady-state condition while the fluid is progressing through surface and wellbore conductors. This condition is due to solution or chemical reaction of the additive. Considerable departure from conventional methods of obtaining and interpreting data was found necessary to consider these conditions. Therefore methods were developed to obtain hydraulic behavior information under these complex, unsteady-state conditions. Relationships presented in this paper to predict hydraulic behavior of non-Newtonian fluids in circular pipes were obtained by constructing and operating a small pipeline apparatus in the manner of a pilot-plant study. These relationships are suggested as scale-up equations and are not proposed as fundamental rheological parameters. While perhaps deficient from a fundamental research viewpoint, a pilot-plant study does permit the determination and convenient evaluation of variables pertinent to a process. A pilot-plant study can result in a valid engineering application procedure even when fundamental relationships are still undefined. An excellent series of articles by Bowen has appeared in the chemical engineering literature. These give a thorough review of proposed hydraulic relationships and their limitations for non-Newtonian fluid behavior in circular pipes. A graphical method is presented to scale up data for a fluid exhibiting an anomalous hydraulic behavior in the turbulent flow region. Considerable assistance has been obtained from these articles to interpret the anomalous behavior noted during this investigation. These articles also provided assurance that a pilot plant is a practical approach to evaluate the hydraulic behavior of non-Newtonian fracturing fluids. SPEJ P. 56ˆ

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