Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentration in the Benedict Sugar Method

1925 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand J. Quick
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Concentration

scholarly journals Effect of Na2CO3 degumming concentration on LiBr-formic acid-silk fibroin solution properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-991
Author(s):  
Zhi Liu ◽  
Yuqin Wan ◽  
Hao Dou ◽  
Ji-Huan He
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Degumming Process

Salt-acid system has been proved to be of high efficiency for silk fibroin dissolution. Using salt-acid system to dissolve silk, native silk fibrils can be preserved in the regenerated solution. Increasing experiments indicate that acquirement of silk fibrils in solution is strongly associated with the degumming process. In this study, the effect of sodium carbonate degumming concentration on solution properties based on lithium bromide-formic acid dissolution system was systematically investigated. Results showed that the morphology transformation of silk fibroin in solution from nanospheres to nanofibrils is determined by sodium carbonate concentration during the degumming process. Solutions containing different silk fibroin structure exhibited different rheological behaviors and different electrospinnability, leading to different electrospun nanofibre properties. The results have guiding significance for preparation and application of silk fibroin solutions.

A study on the influence of sodium carbonate concentration on the synthesis of high Mg calcites

CrystEngComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yang ◽  
Shiqiang Chai ◽  
Yuzhe Zhang ◽  
Yurong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Amorphous Precursor ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Pure Phase

High Mg calcites in pure phase with controlled magnesium contents were synthesized by using amorphous precursor through a hydrothermal process in the absence of organic additives. It is found that the Mg contents in the high Mg calcites increase with the increase of the molar ratios of carbonate and calcium ions in the mother solutions.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentration in Calgon on Hydrometer Analysis Results

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshdeep Kaur ◽  
George C. Fanourakis
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Dispersing Agents

Calgon (a combination of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium carbonate) has proved to be the most effective dispersing agent in determining the grain size distribution of fine-grained soils by means of the hydrometer analysis. Previous research on the effect of the sodium hexametaphosphate content of dispersing agents on the clay contents showed that the addition of sodium carbonate to sodium hexametaphosphate increases its dispersing effectiveness. Hence, Calgon 35:7 was used /recommended by many researchers/methods and proved to be the most effective dispersing agent. Although previous work focusing on the effect of varying the concentration of sodium hexametaphosphate in Calgon has been reported, the effect of the concentration of sodium carbonate in Calgon has not been assessed and reported. For this reason, in this investigation a series of hydrometer test analyses were conducted using the 152H and ASTM 152H: E100 hydrometers with Calgon in ratios of 35:0, 35:20 and 35:30.  It was observed that with any increase in sodium carbonate content beyond 7 grams, the percentage clay content actually decreased tremendously in the case of hydrometer 152H. However, for the other hydrometer, Calgon (35:0) proved to be most effective combination. Thus, the increase in the sodium carbonate content in Calgon, beyond 7 g/ litre, is not recommended.

scholarly journals Optimization of Gas-Water Absorption Equilibrium of Carbon Dioxide for Algae Liquors: Selection of Alkaline Buffering Chemicals

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Wen-Hsi Cheng ◽  
Ming-Shean Chou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Egeria Densa ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

The apparent Henry’s Law constant (H′), which quantifies the concentration partition of a gas-liquid equilibrium of carbon dioxide (CO2), is used to optimize the absorption of carbon dioxide in algae liquors. The values ofH′were examined under various conditions: in water at different temperatures (27 and 37°C), in alkaline buffering chemicals (sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)), and in aquatic algae plants (Egeria densaandAnubias barteri nana). The optimal conditions for CO2absorption can be obtained by controlling the aqueous pH values (around weak alkalinity with pH 9-10) using sodium carbonate as an alkaline buffering chemical at 27°C, yielding exactH′values of around 16.3–21.3 atm/M, which were obtained from the mean gaseous CO2concentration of 803 ppm and the total aqueous carbonate concentration of 4.085 mg/L. The experimental results reveal that an alkaline buffering compound, sodium carbonate, can be added to water to maintain a constant aqueous alkalinity enough for the fixation of carbon dioxide by the photosynthesis of green algae in a photobioreactor.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentrations on the Formation and Mechanism of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Nanofibers by Electrospinning

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Dou ◽  
Baoqi Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Property ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Regenerated Silk Fibroin ◽  
Silk Fibroin Nanofibers ◽  
First Time

Degumming is the first process for the preparation of all silk-based products. In this paper, effect of sodium carbonate concentrations for silk degumming on the formation of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers was investigated and the reason for the silk electrospinning process was explained for the first time by differences from the microstructure of regenerated silk fibroin. With increasing the sodium carbonate concentration, microstructure both in the aqueous solutions and in the electrospinning solutions transformed from nanofibrils to nanoparticles, leading to obvious changes on rheological property; electrospinning solutions with nanofibrils behaved like the native silk dope and owned remarkably higher viscosity than the solutions with nanoparticles showing very low viscosity. More interestingly, nanofibrils favored the formation of silk nanofibers with ease, and even nanofibers could be electrospun at concentration 2%. However, nanoparticles were completely unable to generate nanofibers at high spinning concentration 8%. Importance of sodium carbonate concentrations is heavily emphasized for impacting the microstructure types and further influencing the electrospinning performance of regenerated silk. Hence, sodium carbonate concentrations provide a controllable choice for the preparation of silk-based electrospun biomaterials with desired properties.

Effect of Sodium Carbonate Concentration on Leaching Property of Sintered Clinkers with Low A/S Ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 847-850
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Yu ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Wen Fang Wu ◽  
Xiao Lin Pan ◽  
Shi Wen Bi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Sio2 Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
No Formation

The effect of sodium carbonate concentration on alumina leaching of low A/S ratio clinkers and SiO2 concentration in leached liquor was studied in this paper. The clinker with the Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio of 1.0 (the molar ratios of CaO/SiO2 and Na2O/Al2O3 are 2.0 and 1.05) was sintered at 1230°C using AR reagents. The alumina leaching rate and SiO2 concentration in leached liquor increase with the increase of sodium carbonate concentration, and the alumina leaching rate reaches its maximum of 96.36% when the sodium carbonate concentration is 15g/L. The results of XRD indicate that sodium carbonate can inhibit the formation of hydrogarnet, and there is almost no formation of hydrogarnet when the sodium carbonate concentration is 15g/L.

scholarly journals Effect of Alkali Pollutant in Influencing Crack Propagation in Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junhong Yuan ◽  
Jingbo Cui ◽  
Jianmei Chang ◽  
Guanhong Zhang ◽  
Mingxi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
The Third ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Shrinkage Cracks ◽  
Cracking Process

Shrinkage, deformation, and cracking will occur under extreme climate conditions such as drought, due to the accumulation of salt inside the soil during the evaporation of water on the surface of the soil. In this study, the image processing method was used to quantitatively analyze the dehydration cracking process of clay polluted by alkaline pollutant sodium carbonate on the basis of experiments. The mechanism of the effect of sodium carbonate concentration on the shrinkage cracks of clay was discussed through the analysis and comparison of different concentrations of sodium carbonate samples. The results showed that the water loss and shrinkage cracks of alkaline contaminant clay were developed in different stages. Firstly, first-level cracks developed diagonally or parallel to the edge of the container, and then second-level cracks developed along the main cracks with an angle of close to 90°. Most of the third-level or higher-level cracks were approximately perpendicular to the second-level cracks or the edge of the container and developed in parallel. In the cracking stage, the water loss ratio of the sample had a good positive correlation with the surface crack ratio. The slope of the fitted curve increased with the increase of the sodium carbonate concentration. With the increase of sodium carbonate concentration, the water loss ratio and the width of first-level cracks of clayey soil decreased, and the total length and the number of cracks increased, while the surface cracking ratio increased first and then decreased.

Corrosion and Passivation of Tin Anode in Na2CO3 Solutions and the Effect of Halide Ions

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 2013-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed S. Abd El-Rehim ◽  
Fouad Taha ◽  
Mohamed B. Saleh ◽  
Said A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Dissolution ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Halide Ions ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Tin Anode

The corrosion and passivation of tin anode in Na2CO3 (0.01 to 1.0 M) was investigated using potentiodynamic and cyclic voltammetry techniques and complemented by X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. The polarization curves exhibit two anodic peaks assigned to the electroformation of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) species, respectively, prior to permanent pssive region. The anodic dissolution reactions are controlled by diffusion. X-Ray diffraction showed that the permanent passive layer is duplex and consists of SnO and SnO2. A multiplicity of cathodic peaks is related to the electroconduction of the anodically formed compounds. Addition of Cl-, Br- or I- ions into the carbonate solutions enhances the anodic dissolution of tin to some extent depending upon the sodium carbonate concentration. In the passive region, addition of the halide ions causes pitting of the halide ions causes pitting corrosion at a critical pitting potential. The pitting potential decreases with increasing both the halide ion concentration and the scanning rate but increases with increasing the sodium carbonate concentration. SEM examination confirms the occurance of pitting corrosion.

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