scholarly journals The Relation of the Refractive Index of Soda Lime Glasses to Their Chemical,Composition.

1912 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Ward Tillotson
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soda Lime

scholarly journals Effect of Substrate Sodium Content on Crystallization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Tomaszewski ◽  
Karin Eufinger ◽  
Hilde Poelman ◽  
Dirk Poelman ◽  
Roger De Gryse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Glass Support

The effect of sodium content of the glass support on the crystallinity of sputteredTiO2films and photocatalytic breakdown of ethanol has been studied. It was found that the activity of the as-deposited (amorphous) films does not depend on the type of support used. The chemical composition of the glass support does influence the activity of annealed films. When using soda-lime glass support sodium diffuses into the film upon annealing, suppressing anatase crystallization and decreasing its photocatalytic activity. To decrease the influence of sodium, soda-lime glass coated with an e-beam evaporatedSiO2barrier layer was used with good result. A reduced sodium concentration in the film leads to well crystallized anatase after annealing. An increased photocatalytic activity was observed for these films.

scholarly journals One year of aerosol refractive index measurement from a coastal Antarctic site

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 14417-14430
Author(s):  
Zsófia Jurányi ◽  
Rolf Weller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Weather Situation

Abstract. Though the environmental conditions of the Weddell Sea region and Dronning Maud Land are still relatively stable compared to the fast-changing Antarctic Peninsula, we may suspect pronounced effects of global climate change for the near future (Thompson et al., 2011). Reducing the uncertainties in climate change modeling requires a better understanding of the aerosol optical properties, and for this we need accurate data on the aerosol refractive index (RI). Due to the remoteness of Antarctica only very few RI data are available from this region (Hogan et al., 1979; Virkkula et al., 2006; Shepherd et al., 2018). We calculate the real refractive index of natural atmospheric aerosols from number size distribution measurements at the German coastal Antarctic station Neumayer III. Given the high average scattering albedo of 0.992 (Weller et al., 2013), we assumed that the imaginary part of the RI is zero. Our method uses the overlapping size range (particle diameter D between 120 and 340 nm) of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), which sizes the particles by their electrical mobility, and a laser aerosol spectrometer (LAS), which sizes the particles by their optical scattering signal at the 633 nm wavelength. Based on almost a complete year of measurement, the average effective refractive index (RIeff, as we call our retrieved RI because of the used assumptions) for the dry aerosol particles turned out to be 1.44 with a standard deviation of 0.08, in a good agreement with the RI value of 1.47, which we derived from the chemical composition of bulk aerosol sampling measurements. At Neumayer the aerosol shows a pronounced seasonal pattern in both number concentration and chemical composition. Despite this, the variability of the monthly averaged RIeff values remained between 1.40 and 1.50. Compared to the annual mean, two austral winter months (July and September) showed slightly but significantly increased values (1.50 and 1.47, respectively). The size dependency of the RIeff could be determined from time-averaged LAS and SMPS number size distributions measured between December 2017 and January 2018. Here we calculated RIeff for four different particle size ranges and observed a slight decrease from 1.47 (D range 116–168 nm) to 1.37 (D range 346–478 nm). We find no significant dependence of the derived RIeff values on the wind direction. Thus we conclude that RIeff is largely independent of the general weather situation, roughly classified as (i) advection of marine boundary layer air masses during easterly winds caused by passing cyclones in contrast to (ii) air mass transport from continental Antarctica under southern katabatic winds. Neumayer, the only relevant contamination source, is located 1.5 km north of the air chemistry observatory, where the measurements were performed. Given that northerly winds are almost absent, the potential impact of local contamination is minimized in general. Indeed our data show no impact of local contamination on RIeff. Just in one case a temporary high-contamination episode with diesel engines operating right next to the measurement site resulted in an unusual high RIeff of 1.59, probably caused by the high black carbon content of the exhaust fumes. To conclude, our study revealed largely constant RIeff values throughout the year without any sign of seasonality. Therefore, it seems reasonable to use a single, constant RIeff value of 1.44 for modeling optical properties of natural, coastal Antarctic sub-micrometer aerosol.

The Colorants Effects of Fe2O3 on Borosilicate Glasses Prepared from Subbituminous Fly Ash

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 731-735
Author(s):  
W. Rachniyom ◽  
Y. Ruangtaweep ◽  
K. Boonin ◽  
K. Phachana ◽  
J. Kaewkhao
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
Hardness Values

In this work, the subbituminous fly ash (SFA) in Thailand has been investigated for their compositions and crystal structures. Borosilicate glasses were prepare from SFA , B2O3, Na2O and various concentration of Fe2O3 by melt quenching technique. The results have shown that the chemical composition comprised with SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The crystal structures of SFA were raised of mullite and quartz phases. The density and refractive index values of glasses were found to increase with increasing of Fe2O3 concentrations. The hardness values have been decreased with increasing of Fe2O3 content. The absorption spectra are corresponding to ferric and ferrous ions in wavelength of 440 nm and 1,050 nm and the color of glasses are green to yellow.

A Study of the Physical and Optical Properties of Ho3+ in Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parnuwat Chimalawong ◽  
Jakrapong Kaewkhao ◽  
Keerati Kirdsiri ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Silicate Glass ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Silicate Glasses ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
Light Amber ◽  
Soda Lime Silicate Glass

Soda-lime-silicate glasses in the compositions of (65-x)SiO2-25Na2O-10CaO-xHo2O3 (where x = 0.0, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 mol % ) were prepared by melt-quenching technique and characterized. The results show that, the absorption spectra of Ho3+ doped in soda-lime-silicate glass correspond with several bands, which are assigned from the ground state, 5I8 to 3H6 (360 nm), 5G4 (380 nm), 5G5 (417 nm), 5G6 (453 nm), 5F3 (479 nm), 5F4 (538 nm), 5F5 (639 nm), and 5I5 (880 nm). The refractive index and density of glasses were increase with increasing of Ho2O3 concentration. The color of glass samples is light amber with doped Ho2O3 in glass matrix.

I. On the relation between the electrical qualities and the chemical composition of glass and allied substances. Part I

1883 ◽  
Vol 36 (228-231) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electrical Conduction ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
The Subject

The relation between the composition of glass and its electrical qualities has been studied by only a few experimenters, and our knowledge of the subject is still comparatively small. With regard to resistance to electrical conduction through its substance, Dr. Hopkinson has found among other interesting results, that potash or soda-lime glasses have a higher conductivity than flint glasses either light or dense; and his results as to electrical resistance confirm those given below. That the presence of a large quantity of alkali in glass is detrimental to its resisting quality has also been pointed out by Ekman. In two papers (“Phil. Mag.,” vol. 10, 1880, and “Proc. Roy. Soc.,” vol. 34, p. 199), by one of the authors of the present paper, results are given of experiments on the variation of the resistance of glass of different kinds with temperature, and, more particularly in the second paper, with density and chemical composi­tion.

Kingite, a new hydrated aluminium phosphate mineral from Robertstown, South Australia

1957 ◽  
Vol 31 (236) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Norrish ◽  
Lillian E. R. Rogers ◽  
R. E. Shapter
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
South Australia ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
Hydrated Aluminium

SummaryA new hydrated aluminium phosphate mineral, kingite, from phosphate workings near Robertstown, South Australia, has an idealized formula Al2O3.Al(OH)3.P2O5.9H2O, with some replacement of OH by F. The specific gravity is 2·2 to 2·3, refractive index 1·514, and percentage chemical composition Al2O3 31·92, P2O5 28·63, H2O 37·93. The three strongest lines on the X-ray diffraction pattern are 9·1, 3·45, and 3·48 Å. Kingite changes to a less hydrated phase between 154° C. and 163° C., which is also considered to be a new aluminium phosphate (meta-kingite) with idealized formula Al2O3.Al(OH)3.P2O5.4H2O. The strongest lines of its X-ray diffraction pattern are at 7·4, 5·02, and 37·19 Å.

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