Reverse-Phase Ternary Phase Diagram, Tie Lines, and Plait Point for Commercial Biodiesel−Glycerol−Methanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Csernica ◽  
James T. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Plait Point ◽  
Tie Lines

Equilibrium tie-line in PrOy–BaO–CuO ternary phase diagram around peritectic temperature of Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Tagami ◽  
Makoto Kambara ◽  
Takateru Umeda ◽  
Yuh Shiohara
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Peritectic Temperature ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Epma Analysis ◽  
Tie Lines ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Quantitative Epma ◽  
Tie Line

This paper presents tie-lines between Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ and liquid on a PrOy –BaO–CuO ternary phase diagram at 965, 970, 975, 980, and 990 °C in air atmosphere, for which knowledge is necessary to fabricate composition controlled Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ single crystals by the solution growth method. Liquidus faces have been investigated by dipping MgO single crystal rods into the thermal equilibrium melt at various temperatures and analyzing the composition of the adhering melt by ICP. The compositions of Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ solid solution coexisting with various compositions of liquids were obtained by quantitative EPMA analysis of quenched melts. Tie-lines were calculated by applying the lever rule to these experimental data for solid compositions and liquidus faces. Furthermore, the relationships between solid solubilities and peritectic temperatures of Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ are reported.

scholarly journals Application of a ternary phase diagram to the liquid-liquid extraction of ethanoic acid using ethyl ethanoate

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Aline Amaral Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Ethanoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Tie Lines

This article was elaborated in an approach to the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the extraction process of ethanoic acid (C2H4O2) in aqueous phase using ethyl ethanoate as solvent. The liquid-liquid extraction was modeled by the construction of a ternary phase diagram for the water-ethanoic acid- ethyl ethanoate system with the aid of the Origin software. The equilibrium data were obtained experimentally by titration at room temperature (298.15 K) and atmospheric pressure (101325 Pa) using four mixtures of water, ethanoic acid, and ethyl ethanoate. The determination of the composition of the extract and residue portions in the equilibrium of each mixture by of the tie-lines method allowed to examine the percentages of liquid-liquid extraction achieved. The distribution coefficients and separation factors calculated made it possible an evaluation of the distribution and of the mutual solubility of the solute in the aqueous and organic phases. The results showed a good performance of ethyl ethanoate in the extraction of ethanoic acid for concentrations of solute until 16% of the feed.

Cu titration in CuInSe2: exploration of the ternary phase diagram along new tie-lines

Ionics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jean ◽  
S. Peulon ◽  
J. -F. Guillemoles ◽  
J. Vedel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Tie Lines

Investigations of Miscible Displacements of Aqueous and Oleic Phases From Porous Media

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Taber ◽  
W.K. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Plait Point ◽  
Miscible Displacements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Composition Path

Abstract Experiments on consolidated sandstones have shown that a variety of conditions are responsible for the wide range of behavior observed when oil and water are displaced simultaneously by a solvent which is miscible with both. The type of displacement is influenced most strongly by the relation between the plait point of the ternary phase diagram and the composition path followed by the system as it achieves miscibility. Neglecting viscosity, the displacement becomes less efficient as the distance between the composition path and plait point is increased in either direction so that a very wide spectrum of displacements is possible with different alcohol, oil and brine systems. It is possible by choosing various composition paths as miscibility is achieved to exercise some control over the actual displacement mechanism. Control over the composition path is exercised by adding oil or water in specific amounts to the alcohol prior to its injection into the porous medium, This technique apparently makes it possible to obtain piston-like displacements with systems which are usually characterized by the efficient displacement of only one of the two phases i.e., either oil or water, while the other phase lags behind. However, the simultaneous displacement of oil and water is not as efficient as other miscible displacements at a similar mobility ratio. The evidence indicates that both oil and water "leak" into the alcohol "piston" in compensating amounts. With oils of low viscosities the displacement is inefficient because the low oil saturation in the stabilized bank causes oil to be trapped by water before miscibility is attained. Introduction The simultaneous displacement of oil and water by solvents such as alcohol has been investigated in the laboratory and in the field. The laboratory workers investigating all-liquid miscible systems have recognized the great importance that the nature of the triangular phase diagram exerts on the efficiency of the miscible displacement. Gatlin and Slobod pointed out that displacement efficiency will be improved if miscibility can be retained for long periods and that this behavior tends to be followed if the applicable phase diagrams have very low binodal curves. In their unconsolidated sand tests the alcohol was considered an ideal miscible piston displacing both oil and water phases. Later workers have pointed out that an important feature of the phase diagram as far as oil recovery is concerned is the location of the plait point. This is particularly true in the case of consolidated sandstone. Since the original discussion of this effect, the importance of plait point location has been confirmed and discussed by other authors. The early workers recognized that the position of the plait point could be altered by changing the oil or the alcohol used in an experiment. In addition, recent work has demonstrated that the plait point can be shifted by altering the nature and concentration of dissolved salts in the aqueous phase. However, the entire scope of the relationship between displacement and plait point has not been discussed previously and a technique for changing the composition path as miscibility is achieved in a particular ternary system, i.e., oil, water and solvent, has not been demonstrated. * The importance of oil viscosity on the efficiency of oil displacement by alcohol has not previously been observed, probably because the range of viscosities used in earlier experiments was too restricted. It is the object of this paper to describe the relationships between the ternary phase diagram, fluid properties and the displacement achieved. A technique for controlling the nature of the displacement is also presented. THEORY AND DEFINITIONS PISTON-LIKE THEORY The theory of alcohol flooding has been discussed in some detail. SPEJ P. 37ˆ

Using phase boundary mapping to resolve discrepancies in the Mg2Si–Mg2Sn miscibility gap

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Orenstein ◽  
James P. Male ◽  
Michael Toriyama ◽  
Shashwat Anand ◽  
G. Jeffrey Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Boundary ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Boundary Mapping

A new understanding of the MgSi–MgSn miscibility gap is reached through phase boundary mapping the Mg–Si–Sn ternary phase diagram.

Calculation of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of 14 additive and reciprocal ternary systems containing Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, LiOH, NaOH, and KOH

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pelton ◽  
C. W. Bale ◽  
P. L. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Critical Assessment

Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of five additive molten salt ternary systems and nine reciprocal molten salt ternary systems containing the ions Li+, Na+, [Formula: see text], OH− are calculated from the thermodynamic properties of their binary subsystems which were obtained previously by a critical assessment of the thermodynamic data and the phase diagrams in these binary systems. Thermodynamic properties of ternary liquid phases are estimated from the binary properties by means of the Conformal Ionic Solution Theory. The ternary phase diagrams are then calculated from these thermodynamic properties by means of computer programs designed for the purpose. It is found that a ternary phase diagram can generally be calculated in this way with a maximum error about twice that of the maximum error in the binary phase diagrams upon which the calculations are based. If, in addition, some reliable ternary phase diagram measurements are available, these can be used to obtain small ternary correction terms. In this way, ternary phase diagram measurements can be smoothed and the isotherms drawn in a thermodynamically correct way. The thermodynamic approach permits experimental data to be critically assessed in the light of thermodynamic principles and accepted solution models. A critical assessment of error limits on all the calculated ternary diagrams is made, and suggestions as to which composition regions merit further experimental study are given.

scholarly journals Part II. Model for the Protective Coating Formation During Hot Dip Galvanizing/ Część II. Model Formowania Powłoki Ochronnej Podczas Cynkowania Ogniowego

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wołczynski ◽  
Z. Pogoda ◽  
G. Garzeł ◽  
B. Kucharska ◽  
A. Sypien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Solute Redistribution ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
Flux System ◽  
Coating Formation

Abstract A mathematical description for the (Zn) - coating formation with the presence of flux in the zinc bath is presented. This description includes the progressive vanishing of the products of the flux disintegration. A function which expresses the flux vanishing is formulated. The solidification of some phase sub-layers in the (Zn) - coating is considered with the use of a hypothetical pseudo-ternary phase diagram Fe-Zn-flux. Some relationships are formulated to define the varying Zn - solute redistribution as observed across the sub-layers. The relationships are based on the mass balance analyzed for the coating / bath / flux system. An amount of the growing phase in a given sub-layers is also defined mathematically.

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