Design and Analysis of Experiments for Obtaining High Bulk Density Sodium Tripolyphosphate

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (24) ◽  
pp. 12339-12344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Banach ◽  
Zygmunt Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
High Bulk

scholarly journals A chemical method of the production of "heavy" sodium tripolyphosphate with the high content of Form I or Form II

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Banach ◽  
Zygmunt Kowalski ◽  
Zbigniew Wzorek ◽  
Katarzyna Gorazda
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Detergent Builder ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Sodium Phosphates ◽  
High Bulk

A chemical method of the production of "heavy" sodium tripolyphosphate with the high content of Form I or Form II Sodium tripolyphosphate STPP is used in laundry detergent as a detergent "builder". The paper presents the chemical method of obtaining "heavy", i.e. with higher bulk density granulated sodium tripolyphosphate. The bulk density of sodium tripolyphosphate was increased by preparing a mixture of the dried sodium phosphates, the recycled subgrain of STPP and water in specific proportions and calcining this mixture for 1 hour at 400°C and 550°C (to obtain a proper STPP form) in the chamber kiln. This method allows producing the granular sodium tripolyphosphate with high bulk density (1.04-1.07 kg/dm3) and a high content of Form I or Form II, respectively.

scholarly journals Pore Size and Bulk Density as Mechanical Soil Factors Impeding Root Development

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
High Bulk

Measurements of pore size and bulk density for seven clay soils are reported in this paper as related to observations on root development under field conditions of Para, Guinea, and Bermuda grasses. The combined effects of high bulk density and predominantly small pores apparently reduce root development in Para and Bermuda. Guinea grass, a dryland forage, is able to send roots through relatively dense soil horizons with high microporosity. This might explain, at least in part, the drought tolerance of this grass.

scholarly journals Optimizing Solvent Selection and Processing Conditions to Generate High Bulk-Density, Co-Precipitated Amorphous Dispersions of Posaconazole

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Derek Frank ◽  
Luke Schenck ◽  
Athanas Koynov ◽  
Yongchao Su ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Solvent Selection ◽  
Bulk Powder ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Powder Properties ◽  
Amorphous Dispersions ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
High Bulk

Co-precipitation is an emerging method to generate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), notable for its ability to enable the production of ASDs containing pharmaceuticals with thermal instability and limited solubility. As is true for spray drying and other unit operations to generate amorphous materials, changes in processing conditions during co-precipitation, such as solvent selection, can have a significant impact on the molecular and bulk powder properties of co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD). Using posaconazole as a model API, this work investigates how solvent selection can be leveraged to mitigate crystallization and maximize bulk density for precipitated amorphous dispersions. A precipitation process is developed to generate high-bulk-density amorphous dispersions. Insights from this system provide a mechanistic rationale to control the solid-state and bulk powder properties of amorphous dispersions.

Aluminum toxicity and high bulk density: Role in limiting shoot and root growth of selected aluminum indicator plants and eastern gamagrass in an acid soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Foy ◽  
Ali M. Sadeghi ◽  
Jerry C. Ritchie ◽  
Donald T. Krizek ◽  
John R. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
High Bulk

Granular detergent compositions containing sodium aluminosilicate and having high bulk density

Zeolites ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
R. Donaldson ◽  
A.T. Hight ◽  
M.W. Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
High Bulk

The effect of soil temperature, sowing depth and soil bulk density on the seedling emergence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Charles ◽  
GJ Blair ◽  
AC Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
A Value ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
High Bulk

The effects of temperature (constant 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24�C, and an alternating 6/12�C temperature regime), sowing depth (0, 15, 30 and 45 mm), and soil bulk density (1.1 and 1.3 g cm-3) were examined on the emergence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, cv. Demeter) and white clover (Trifolium repens, cv. Haifa) in a factorial experiment, in controlled temperature cabinets. Mitscherlich curves were fitted to the emergence data and treatment effects on the maximum emergence percentage (A), rate of emergence (K) and time to first emergence (To), were statistically analysed. Temperature was the major factor affecting the fescue A value. The A value was low at 3 and 6�C, but increased as temperature increased to 12�C. It was depressed by the 45 mm sowing depth and by high bulk density at 30 and 45 mm. For white clover, sowing depth had a strong effect on A. Over all temperatures, A was high for surface sowing and low for deeper sowing (30 and 45 mm). For shallow sowing (15 mm), A was intermediate and increased with rising temperature. High bulk density depressed A at 15 mm. For both species, To increased as sowing depth increased, and decreased as temperature increased. The effect of sowing depth was more apparent at low temperatures. The K value for fescue increased gradually as temperature increased, but sowing depth had no effect. For clover, K increased markedly with rises in temperature for surface sowing, with smaller increases for 15, 30 and 45 mm depths. The 6/12�C regime responses for A and To were similar to the constant 12�C, while the K response was similar to the constant 9�C; these trends were similar for fescue and clover. It was concluded that establishment failures from direct drilling tall fescue on the Northern Tablelands can be related to low soil temperatures in winter (below 9�C), and for white clover, to excessive sowing depth (greater than 15 mm), particularly on high bulk density soils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document