High-Surface-Area Three-Dimensional Biofuel Cell Electrode Using Redox-Polymer-Grafted Carbon

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 3050-3058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Tamaki ◽  
Takeo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Redox Polymer ◽  
Cell Electrode

Evaluation of Immobilized Enzyme in a High-Surface-Area Biofuel Cell Electrode Made of Redox-Polymer-Grafted Carbon Black

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 6394-6398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Tamaki ◽  
Atsushi Hiraide ◽  
Faizly B. Asmat ◽  
Hidenori Ohashi ◽  
Taichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Redox Polymer ◽  
Cell Electrode

Hierarchical Nano/Micro-structured Surfaces with High Surface Area/Volume Ratios

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Ketki Lichade ◽  
Yizhou Jiang ◽  
Yayue Pan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Abstract Recently, many studies have investigated additive manufacturing of hierarchical surfaces with high surface area/volume (SA/V) ratios, and their performance has been characterized for applications in next-generation functional devices. Despite recent advances, it remains challenging to design and manufacture high SA/V ratio structures with desired functionalities. In this study, we established the complex correlations among the SA/V ratio, surface structure geometry, functionality, and manufacturability in the Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) process. Inspired by numerous natural structures, we proposed a 3-level hierarchical structure design along with the mathematical modeling of the SA/V ratio. Geometric and manufacturing constraints were modeled to create well-defined three-dimensional hierarchically structured surfaces with a high accuracy. A process flowchart was developed to design the proposed surface structures to achieve the target functionality, SA/V ratio, and geometric accuracy. Surfaces with varied SA/V ratios and hierarchy levels were designed and printed. The wettability and antireflection properties of the fabricated surfaces were characterized. It was observed that the wetting and antireflection properties of the 3-level design could be easily tailored by adjusting the design parameter settings and hierarchy levels. Furthermore, the proposed surface structure could change a naturally-hydrophilic surface to near-superhydrophobic. Geometrical light trapping effects were enabled and the antireflection property could be significantly enhanced (>80% less reflection) by the proposed hierarchical surface structures. Experimental results implied the great potential of the proposed surface structures for various applications such as microfluidics, optics, energy, and interfaces.

Three-Dimensional Cage Type Mesoporous CN-Based Hybrid Material with Very High Surface Area and Pore Volume

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 4367-4372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajayan Vinu ◽  
Pavuluri Srinivasu ◽  
Dhanashri P. Sawant ◽  
Toshiyuki Mori ◽  
Katsuhiko Ariga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Very High

Fabrication of Ultra-Low Density, High Surface Area Carbon Aerogels and their Application in Supercapacitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 1349-1355
Author(s):  
Jia Yi Zhu ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Zhi Bing Fu ◽  
Chao Yang Wang ◽  
Wei Dong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Aerogel ◽  
Carbon Aerogels ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Organic Aerogel ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Test

The ultra-low density carbon aerogel, as low as 20 mg/cm3, was fabricated by pyrolysis of the organic aerogel formed by aqueous condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde. Its surface area was as high as 1783 m2/g and it was used for investigation of electrochemical capacitive behaviours. The ultra-low density carbon aerogel displayed capacitive performance (110 F/g at 0.2 A/g) in 6 M KOH aqueous solution. Additionally, over 98% of the initial capacitance was retained after repeating the cyclic voltammetry test for 1000 cycles. The electrochemical performance might be attributed to the combination of three dimensional “opened” structure and high surface area of the carbon aerogel.

A theoretical morphologic analysis of convergently evolved erect helical colony form in the Bryozoa

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. McGhee ◽  
Frank K. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Colony Form ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Morphologic Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Surface

Exploration of the theoretical morphospace of erect helical colony form in Bryozoa, created by McKinney and Raup (1982), reveals that only a small volume of the three-dimensional space of hypothetical form is occupied by actual colonies of the Paleozoic fenestrates (Class Stenolaemata) Archimedes and Helicopora, helical species of the cheilostome (Class Gymnolaemata) Bugula, and the cyclostome (Class Stenolaemata) Crisidmonea archimediformis. Actual helical-colony bryozoans are not found in regions of the morphospace characterized by colony geometries that possess the largest surface areas of filtration sheet. Examination of computer-simulated colonies in the theoretical morphospace reveals that, although possessing high surface areas, colonies in the empty region of high-surface-area morphospace possess other aspects of geometry that are unrealistic as filter-feeding geometries: the filtration-sheet whorls are held at small acute angles to the central colony axis and are deeply nested within one another, both of which are disadvantageous conditions for the system of filter feeding used by the extant cheilostome Bugula, and presumably by extinct helical-colony bryozoans as well.Even though actual bryozoans are found only in the low to intermediate surface-area regions of the theoretical morphospace, surface area of filtration sheet is a major determinant of form in these helical colonies, as is evidenced by a negative correlation in values of the parameters BWANG and ELEV exhibited by the colony data. Minimum values of BWANG are even further constrained by the apparent need of the Archimedes colonies to maintain filtration-sheet branching densities within the range of 20 to 50.

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