Reaction network and kinetics of the pyrolysis of Tetralin-naphthalene mixtures in nitrogen and hydrogen atmospheres

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1840-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Murena ◽  
Francesco Gioia
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Network ◽  
Kinetics Of

Programmable Dynamic Steady States in ATP-Driven Non-Equilibrium DNA Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heinen ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Average Bond ◽  
Full Synchronization ◽  
Non Equilibrium

<div><div><div><p>Inspired by the dynamics of the dissipative self-assembly of microtubules, chemically fueled synthetic systems with transient lifetimes are emerging for non-equilibrium materials design. However, realizing programmable or even adaptive structural dynamics has proven challenging because it requires synchronization of energy uptake and dissipation events within true steady states, which remains difficult to orthogonally control in supramolecular systems. Here, we demonstrate full synchronization of both events by ATP-fueled activation and dynamization of covalent DNA bonds via an enzymatic reaction network of concurrent ligation and cleavage. Critically, the average bond ratio and the frequency of bond exchange are imprinted into the energy dissipation kinetics of the network and tunable through its constituents. We introduce temporally and structurally programmable dynamics by polymerization of transient, dynamic covalent DNA polymers with adaptive steady-state properties in dependence of ATP fuel and enzyme concentrations. This approach enables generic access to non-equilibrium soft matter systems with adaptive and programmable dynamics.</p></div></div></div>

Kinetics of individual steps in reaction network ethanol-diethyl ether-ethylene-water on alumina

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Morávek ◽  
Miloš Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Type Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The rates of single reactions have been measured at 250 °C in the complex reaction of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and to diethyl ether involving also hydrolysis of the ether, its disproportionation to ethanol and ethylene and its dehydration to ethylene. The found dependences of the initial reaction rates on partial pressures of the reactants were correlated by semiempirical Langmuir-Hinshelwood type rate equations.

scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis of a Prototypical Autocatalytic Reaction Network

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Skorb ◽  
Sergey N. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Catalytic Cycle ◽  
Rate Laws ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
State Approximation ◽  
Steady State Approximation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Autocatalytic Networks

Network autocatalysis, which is autocatalysis whereby a catalyst is not directly produced in a catalytic cycle, is likely to be more common in chemistry than direct autocatalysis is. Nevertheless, the kinetics of autocatalytic networks often does not exactly follow simple quadratic or cubic rate laws and largely depends on the structure of the network. In this article, we analyzed one of the simplest and most chemically plausible autocatalytic networks where a catalytic cycle is coupled to an ancillary reaction that produces the catalyst. We analytically analyzed deviations in the kinetics of this network from its exponential growth and numerically studied the competition between two networks for common substrates. Our results showed that when quasi-steady-state approximation is applicable for at least one of the components, the deviation from the exponential growth is small. Numerical simulations showed that competition between networks results in the mutual exclusion of autocatalysts; however, the presence of a substantial noncatalytic conversion of substrates will create broad regions where autocatalysts can coexist. Thus, we should avoid the accumulation of intermediates and the noncatalytic conversion of the substrate when designing experimental systems that need autocatalysis as a source of positive feedback or as a source of evolutionary pressure.

scholarly journals Programmable dynamic steady states in ATP-driven nonequilibrium DNA systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. eaaw0590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Heinen ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Dissipation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Average Bond ◽  
Full Synchronization

Inspired by the dynamics of the dissipative self-assembly of microtubules, chemically fueled synthetic systems with transient lifetimes are emerging for nonequilibrium materials design. However, realizing programmable or even adaptive structural dynamics has proven challenging because it requires synchronization of energy uptake and dissipation events within true steady states, which remains difficult to orthogonally control in supramolecular systems. Here, we demonstrate full synchronization of both events by ATP-fueled activation and dynamization of covalent DNA bonds via an enzymatic reaction network of concurrent ligation and cleavage. Critically, the average bond ratio and the frequency of bond exchange are imprinted into the energy dissipation kinetics of the network and tunable through its constituents. We introduce temporally and structurally programmable dynamics by polymerization of transient, dynamic covalent DNA polymers with adaptive steady-state properties in dependence of ATP fuel and enzyme concentrations. This approach enables generic access to nonequilibrium soft matter systems with adaptive and programmable dynamics.

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