Lower oxidation states of bismuth. Bi+ and [Bi5]3+ in molten salt solutions

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1162-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels J. Bjerrum ◽  
Charles R. Boston ◽  
George Pedro Smith
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Lower Oxidation

Longitudinal collective models in metal-molten salt solutions

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 4443-4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Chabrier ◽  
J P Hansen ◽  
J F Joanny
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Collective Models

The prediction of metal-to-metal bonding in transition metal binary and related compounds

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Valence State ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Metal Bonding ◽  
Binary Oxides ◽  
Lower Oxidation ◽  
D Orbitals ◽  
Related Compounds

The evidence for, and the factors determining, the formation of metal-to-metal (m-m) bonds in transition metal oxides, sulphides, halides, and related complexes are discussed. It is proposed that when metals of high preferred valence state are constrained to low formal oxidation states, m-m bonds will form to allow the metal to exercise a higher valency. It is assumed that (n-l)d orbitals are used for such bonds and predictions of the feasibility of m-m bonding are possible by the comparison of the size of such orbitals with the expected inter-metal distances in polymeric metal oxides and halides. It is concluded that binary oxides and halides (excepting fluorides) of the lower oxidation states of Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, and Re and of a few neighbouring elements will display m-m bonds.

A REFERENCE ELECTRODE FOR CERTAIN MOLTEN SALT SOLUTIONS

1962 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Harrington ◽  
H. T. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Salt Solutions
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