Kinetics of Deposit Formation from Hydrocarbons. Fuel Composition Studies

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Composition Studies ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Composition Studies on Tobacco XXXIII Changes in Smoke Composition and Filtration by Artificial Alteration of Smoke pH: Pyridine and Nicotine

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
R. L. Stedman ◽  
L. Lakritz ◽  
E. D. Strange
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Basic Strength

AbstractUsing selected additives, the pH of smoke from U.S. commercial cigarettes (5.6) can be altered over a wide range (4.1-8.2). The volatility of the additive is of greater importance in changing smoke pH than the acidic or basic strength of the additive. The activated carbon in multiple carbon-cellulose acetate filters is highly effective in removing pyridine selectively from the smoke of blended commercial cigarettes. The degree of this selectivity is markedly reduced on lowering the smoke pH to 4.1 by adding formic acid to cigarettes. On raising the pH of smoke to 8.2 by adding dipropylamine to cigarettes, the selectivity for pyridine is less than in smoke of unaltered pH and more than in smoke of pH 4.1. Some selectivity of nicotine removal is observed in the alkaline smoke using cellulose acetate filters with or without carbon. The use of formic acid to depress pH appears to alter the kinetics of nicotine pyrolysis, resulting in a changed nicotine : pyridine ratio.

Rigorous modeling of the kinetics of calcium carbonate deposit formation - CO2 effect

AIChE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 2286-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raviv Segev ◽  
David Hasson ◽  
Raphael Semiat
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Carbonate Deposit ◽  
Kinetics Of

Automotive Diesel Fuel Emissions Durability Trends

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Olsen ◽  
H. K. Newhall ◽  
G. A. Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Real World ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Engine Design

Regional mandates for reduced exhaust emissions, sustainable over the useful lives of vehicles or equipment, are influencing diesel fuel compositions and engine designs. Laboratory and real-world examples are provided to illustrate that both fuel composition and engine design can impact injector deposit formation and injector spray-hole corrosion rates, with associated potentials for deterioration of emissions compliance. Potential impacts of poor lubricity fuels are also discussed. A field test in California of a deposit control additive in trucks with Cummins L10 engines is detailed, including measurements of transient cycle emissions performance using conventional and reformulated fuels.

Rigorous modeling of the kinetics of calcium carbonate deposit formation

AIChE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raviv Segev ◽  
David Hasson ◽  
Raphael Semiat
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Carbonate Deposit ◽  
Kinetics Of

The Effects of Citrate and Phosphocitrate on the Kinetics of Mineralization of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate.

1989 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Richardson ◽  
M. Johnsson ◽  
F. K. Bangash ◽  
V. K. Sharma ◽  
J. D. Sallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Supersaturated Solution ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Saturated Solutions

AbstractThe adsorption of citrate and phosphocitrate on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) surfaces has been measured in saturated solutions of calcium oxalate monohydrate at 37°C. In separate adsorption experiments, the uptake of phosphocitrate was markedly greater than that of citrate. When both additives were present, the adsorption of phosphocitrate was further increased. In constant composition studies of the crystallization of CON from supersaturated solution, phosphocitrate was more effective as an inhibitor than was citrate.

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