Investigation of Mechanisms of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Initiated from the Thermal Degradation of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) in N2Atmosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 2175-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilhann Kwon ◽  
Marco J. Castaldi
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Influence of Aromatic Content in Rubber Processing Oils on Viscoelastic Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) for Tyre Tread Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 471-474
Author(s):  
Yotwadee Chokanandsombat ◽  
Pongdhorn Sea-Oui ◽  
Chakrit Sirisinha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Aromatic Oils

In recent years, the increasing concern on the toxicity of highly aromatic oils has been incentive to the development of rubber process oils (RPOs) which are more environmentally-friendly. Many alternative eco-friendly RPOs have been tested with the aims of selecting the most suitable replacement for these highly aromatic oils. As a consequence, in order to achieve both environmental friendliness and effective rubber compounding, the aromatic content in RPOs must be optimised. In the present study, the experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PCAs) contents in RPOs on processability and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds and vulcanisates. Results obtained suggest that the presence of RPOs leads to a decreased compound viscosity, and thus an enhanced processability. By incorporating the RPOs into SBR compounds, some mechanical properties including elongation at break and tear strength of cured SBR can be improved, particularly for the RPOs with high aromatic content. It is believed to be attributed to the increased compatibility between RPOs and SBR matrix. Nevertheless, the aromatic and PCA contents play little or insignificant role on the crosslink density and bulk viscosity of rubber compounds as well as hardness and compression set of vulcanisates.

Technologia i parametry techniczne pracy instalacji przemysłowej do produkcji plastyfikatora TDAE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Crude oil is and will continue to be in the near future the basic natural economic resource in the world. The use of products derived from crude oil is the driving force of the economy in every country. Many products, semi-finished products, and raw materials are obtained from the processing of crude oil and used in many industries, including the petrochemical industry. Petroleum plasticisers play an important role in this area of the country’s economy as a softening additive in the vulcanisation of rubbers, especially synthetic styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and as a component of rubber compounds in their production and vulcanisation. The development of petroleum plasticisers for the rubber industry is determined by many documents and laws, as well as a number of requirements resulting from the nature of the production and operating conditions of rubber products. In particular, they must: • have the chemical composition required for a given combination and have appropriate physicochemical properties, • exhibit compatibility with the selected rubber, • demonstrate low volatility during the processes of rubber production, rubber compound production, and vulcanisation, and • not show any toxic effects. Petroleum plasticisers used in rubber compositions (SBR) are also called filler oils, which consist of hydrocarbon particles containing from 25 to 35 carbon atoms and are divided into aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic types depending on the proportion of carbons in the structures the aromatic, naphthenic and paraffin. An important role in the experimental research of this dissertation is played by highly aromatic plasticisers, a by-product of refining solvents of vacuum distillates from crude oil in the production of base oils, which have gained a lot of significance in the production of car tyres. DAE highly aromatic plasticisers have the highest content of aromatic hydrocarbons and the associated high content of polycyclic aromatic compounds and benzo[a]pyrene. The European Union’s introduction of EU Directive 76/769/EEC and Regulation 1907/2006 was aimed at reducing the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in tyres, which led to the oil industry’s production of petroleum plastics with low PAH content using various production processes to meet the needs of the global tyre industry. After DAE plasticisers were banned due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, the global plasticisers market in 2010 created the REACH system in the European Union. Caused the adoption by the European Parliament and the Council on December 18, 2006, Regulation No. 1907/2006 in on registration, evaluation, authorization and related restrictions on chemicals, introducing provision 27 to Directive 76/769/EEC of the amendment to prohibit the use of highly aromatic extracts exceeding the limit for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content. The experimental part contains the results of research on the development and industrial-scale implementation of TDAE plasticiser production technology that meets the requirements for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. An important stage of experimental research is the technological industrial trials concerning the TDAE plasticiser tests carried out on the Furfurol installation in the production plant of ORLEN OIL Sp. z.o.o. in Płock, Poland. The main justification of the purpose and theses of the work are the investigations of selective solvent refining of heavy extracts in terms of the production of TDAE aromatic plasticisers meeting the requirements of EU Regulation 1907/2006. As a result of the work, it is possible to introduce into the production cycle, in addition to the base oils, a TDAE plasticiser with the trade name Elasticol, on the oil block of PKN ORLEN S.A. Another important element of the experimental research is the use of a solvent dewaxing process to obtain various TDAE plasticisers. The process of solvent dewaxing with various solvents allowed for the development of production technology of a modified TDAE plasticiser that meets the quality requirements of EU Regulation 1907/2006 with the potential for improving its low-temperature properties. In addition, the author has registered this technology in the Patent Office under the common title, Manufacture of a modified TDAE plasticiser intended for the production of caoutchouc and rubber, especially car tyres. Due to the broad knowledge of the interdisciplinary, extensive scope of the work, its conclusions were grouped into general, detailed, methodological, and perspective.

A Study of the Thermal Degradation Products of Styrene-Butadiene Type Rubber by Pyrolysis/GC/MS

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghebrehiwet N. Ghebremeskel ◽  
J. K. Sekinger ◽  
J. L. Hoffpauir ◽  
C. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Thermal Degradation Products ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Pyrolysis coupled with GC/MS was used to study thermal degradation products of styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR). Introduction of samples, using the pyrolysis carrier gas through the split injection port, followed by sub-ambient focusing of pyrolysis products gave reproducible chromatograms. The styrene content of styrene—butadiene copolymer was determined by plotting the GC areas of styrene and butadiene dimer (4-vinlycyclohexene) vs the percent bound styrene measured by refractive index and infrared spectroscopy. The accuracy and ease of use of the technique in determining the styrene content of styrene—butadiene copolymer is also compared to that of the refractive index and infrared spectroscopy methods. Finally, the effects of carbon black and other fillers on the thermal degradation products of the styrene—butadiene copolymer are also discussed.

Kinetics of nonisothermal thermal degradation of styrene-butadiene rubber

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sea Cheon Oh ◽  
Hae Pyeong Lee ◽  
Hee Taik Kim ◽  
Kyong Ok Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Kinetics Of
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