scholarly journals Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid, After Chronic Exposure, On the Insect ModelDrosophila melanogaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 4096-4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaël Charpentier ◽  
Fanny Louat ◽  
Jean-Marc Bonmatin ◽  
Patrice A. Marchand ◽  
Fanny Vanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sublethal Effects

Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to CdO or PbO nanoparticles or their binary mixture on the honey bee (Apis millefera L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (16) ◽  
pp. 19004-19015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya AL Naggar ◽  
Khaled Dabour ◽  
Saad Masry ◽  
Ahmed Sadek ◽  
Elsaied Naiem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pbo Nanoparticles

Sublethal Effects of Tetrachloroguaiacol on Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, following Acute and Chronic Exposure

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1967-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Johansen ◽  
C. J. Kennedy ◽  
R. M. Sweeting ◽  
A. P. Farrell ◽  
B. A. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Following either a 24-h (acute) or 25-d (chronic) exposure to tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG), a component of bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME), juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were examined for effects on several biochemical parameters, swimming performance, and disease resistance. Acute exposure resulted in increased levels of plasma cortisol and lactate and reductions in liver glycogen and protein, spleen somatic index, leucocrit, hemoglobin, swimming performance, and disease resistance. Chronic exposure resulted in most parameters remaining at control levels with the exception of leucocrit which was elevated, plasma cortisol which decreased, and disease resistance which was impaired. These findings correlate well with a previously proposed classic stress response for mammals and are generally consistent with studies in which fish were exposed to whole BKME. The 96-h LC50 for juvenile rainbow trout exposed to TeCG was estimated at 0.37 mg∙L−1.

scholarly journals THE SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF NATURAL CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PETROLEUM ON MARINE INVERTEBRATES

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Straughan
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Santa Barbara Channel ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Body Effect

ABSTRACT Comparative field studies were conducted in an area of natural chronic exposure to petroleum (Coal Oil Point) and at control sites between 1972 and 1974. Studies of the larger (mesh 2 mm) benthic infaunal invertebrates in shallow water (20-35 m) revealed organisms living in sediments with total CCl4 extractables higher than 10,000 mg/l at Coal Oil Point. These sediments contained petroleum hydrocarbons. The total CCl4 extractables in sediments from control sites which did not contain petroleum hydrocarbons were generally less than 100 mg/l. Petroleum hydrocarbons were recorded in tissues of abalone, mussels, and stalked barnacles from Coal Oil Point, although it is notable that all detected petroleum hydrocarbons were in the viscera and not in the foot of abalone. Data obtained in these studies did not reveal a significant change in reproduction, growth, or distribution that could be related to presence of petroleum in the tissues. However, there was a decrease in reproduction in stalked barnacles due to a “black body” effect of surrounding tar. There was no evidence of malformations in organisms living in the area of natural chronic exposure to petroleum. Petroleum hydrocarbons levels were higher in sediment and mussel tissues from Coal Oil Point than from the area around two producing oil rigs in the Santa Barbara Channel.

Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

The Effect of Vitamin A on the Intermittent Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Exposure in Hamsters

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
J.C.S. Kim ◽  
M.G. Jourden ◽  
E.S. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intermittent Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis A ◽  
Gas Exposure

Chronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide in rodents has shown that injury reaches a maximum after 24 hours, and a reparative adaptive phase follows (1). Damage occurring in the terminal bronchioles and proximal portions of the alveolar ducts in rats has been extensively studied by both light and electron microscopy (1).The present study was undertaken to compare the response of lung tissue to intermittent exposure to 10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide gas for 4 hours per week, while the hamsters were on a vitamin A deficient diet. Ultrastructural observations made from lung tissues obtained from non-gas exposed, hypovitaminosis A animals and gas exposed animals fed a regular commercially prepared diet have been compared to elucidate the specific effect of vitamin A on nitrogen dioxide gas exposure. The interaction occurring between vitamin A and nitrogen dioxide gas has not previously been investigated.

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