Sublethal effects of crude oil on a cold-water marine leech,Johanssonia arctica, following chronic exposure

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan ◽  
J. W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Cold Water

scholarly journals Untangling mechanisms of crude oil toxicity: Linking gene expression, morphology and PAHs at two developmental stages in a cold-water fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 143896
Author(s):  
Elin Sørhus ◽  
Carey E. Donald ◽  
Denis da Silva ◽  
Anders Thorsen ◽  
Ørjan Karlsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Oil Toxicity

Application of Chemical Herders Do Not Increase Acute Crude Oil Toxicity to Cold-Water Marine Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Henrik Hansen ◽  
Trond Nordtug ◽  
Ida Beathe Øverjordet ◽  
Dag Altin ◽  
Julia Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Oil Toxicity

scholarly journals Sublethal Effects of Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersants on Multiple Life History Stages of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Sara M. Garcia ◽  
Kevin T. Du Clos ◽  
Olivia H. Hawkins ◽  
Brad J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Oil Exposure

The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica is an ecologically and economically important species that is vulnerable to oil pollution. We assessed sublethal effects of soluble fractions of crude oil alone (WAF) and crude oil in combination with Corexit 9500 dispersant (CEWAF) on oysters at three life history stages. Veliger swimming, pediveliger settlement, and adult clearance rates were quantified after 24 h exposures to the contaminants. Veliger swimming speeds were not significantly impacted by 24 h exposures to WAF or CEWAF. A larger proportion of veligers were inactive following WAF and CEWAF exposure as compared to the control, but the effect was greater for pediveligers, and pediveliger settlement in the highest concentration CEWAF treatment decreased by 50% compared to controls. Thus, pediveligers may be particularly vulnerable to oil exposure. In the adults, we found significant clearance rates reductions that persisted 33 days after acute exposure to CEWAF. Knowledge of sublethal effects of oil and dispersant at multiple life history stages aids understanding of how this important species will respond to an oil spill.

scholarly journals Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid, After Chronic Exposure, On the Insect ModelDrosophila melanogaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 4096-4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaël Charpentier ◽  
Fanny Louat ◽  
Jean-Marc Bonmatin ◽  
Patrice A. Marchand ◽  
Fanny Vanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sublethal Effects

scholarly journals Sacrificial amphiphiles: Eco-friendly chemical herders as oil spill mitigation chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. e1400265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeksha Gupta ◽  
Bivas Sarker ◽  
Keith Thadikaran ◽  
Vijay John ◽  
Charles Maldarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Branched Chain

Crude oil spills are a major threat to marine biota and the environment. When light crude oil spills on water, it forms a thin layer that is difficult to clean by any methods of oil spill response. Under these circumstances, a special type of amphiphile termed as “chemical herder” is sprayed onto the water surrounding the spilled oil. The amphiphile forms a monomolecular layer on the water surface, reducing the air–sea surface tension and causing the oil slick to retract into a thick mass that can be burnt in situ. The current best-known chemical herders are chemically stable and nonbiodegradable, and hence remain in the marine ecosystem for years. We architect an eco-friendly, sacrificial, and effective green herder derived from the plant-based small-molecule phytol, which is abundant in the marine environment, as an alternative to the current chemical herders. Phytol consists of a regularly branched chain of isoprene units that form the hydrophobe of the amphiphile; the chain is esterified to cationic groups to form the polar group. The ester linkage is proximal to an allyl bond in phytol, which facilitates the hydrolysis of the amphiphile after adsorption to the sea surface into the phytol hydrophobic tail, which along with the unhydrolyzed herder, remains on the surface to maintain herding action, and the cationic group, which dissolves into the water column. Eventual degradation of the phytol tail and dilution of the cation make these sacrificial amphiphiles eco-friendly. The herding behavior of phytol-based amphiphiles is evaluated as a function of time, temperature, and water salinity to examine their versatility under different conditions, ranging from ice-cold water to hot water. The green chemical herder retracted oil slicks by up to ~500, 700, and 2500% at 5°, 20°, and 35°C, respectively, during the first 10 min of the experiment, which is on a par with the current best chemical herders in practice.

Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to CdO or PbO nanoparticles or their binary mixture on the honey bee (Apis millefera L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (16) ◽  
pp. 19004-19015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya AL Naggar ◽  
Khaled Dabour ◽  
Saad Masry ◽  
Ahmed Sadek ◽  
Elsaied Naiem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pbo Nanoparticles

A Test for the Wettability of Carbonate Rocks

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Duyvis ◽  
L.J.M. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Test Plate ◽  
Water Saturated

Direct imbibition experiments to test carbonate-rock wettability are occasionally prevented by high viscosity of the oil or rigid films between oil and water. The oil must then be removed from the rock before the imbibition test. A new extraction procedure was tested on limestones born Middle East reservoirs. Samples were taken from rubber-sleeve cores under nitrogen in a polythene glove bag to avoid formation of surface-active compounds through oxidation of crude oil. Conventional Soxhlet extraction of crude oil made water-wet carbonate rock oil-wet. Obviously the hot, dry solvent removes the water before the oil is completely extracted; the oil then contacts the rock surface, making it oil-wet. The extraction procedure was therefore modified so that cold and water-saturated chloroform reached the sample. To remove the oil effectively, the material was crushed and then stirred vigorously during extraction. Fig. 1 shows the extraction apparatus. The chloroform in the extraction thimble was kept saturated with water by the initial addition of some water to the boiling vessel. The vapor from this vessel is then richer in water than cold, water-saturated chloroform. The alundum thimble was made oil-wet (by dimethyl dichlorosilane allowing the solvent to pass through. Blank tests with water-wet and oil-wet samples showed a 1-week test to be appropriate for the extraction. The samples were dried and the wettability was determined by imbibition. A small amount of the sample was placed as a ridge in a hollow of a test plate and was wetted with toluene. By placing plate and was wetted with toluene. By placing water and toluene on either side of the ridge, we could determine whether water displaces toluene from the sample. This can be detected easily because sample material wetted with water is much lighter than that wetted with toluene. If water was indeed imbibed the sample was water-wet. Those samples in which water was not imbibed were tested as follows:the material was mixed with watera edge was again formed in a hollow; andwater and oil were placed on either side to determine whether or not toluene displaced water. So far, we have never observed this spontaneous imbibition. We therefore mixed the fluids and the sample and observed whether the grains were now wetted by toluene (darkening of the grain surface). If so, the sample was called oil-wet. A sample showing no imbibition in either case was neutral. The reliability of the procedure was verified by subjecting limestone core samples to both dry Soxhlet extraction and our wet extraction. The parts of samples from the dry extraction were parts of samples from the dry extraction were oil-wet, and those from the wet extraction were water-wet. Thus, either the samples were originally water-wet and became oil-wet by dry extraction, or they were originally oil-wet and became water-wet through wet extraction. The oil-wet samples could not be made water-wet by subsequent prolonged wet extraction. Thus the original samples must have been water-wet. Wet extraction does change an oil-wet condition to neutral, but never to water-wet. Therefore, a sample found to be water-wet was water-wet before extraction, and a sample found to be neutral was either oil-wet or neutral before extraction. P. 3

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document