scholarly journals Core Structure and Surface Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials Alter Impacts to Daphnid Mortality, Reproduction, and Growth: Acute Assays Do Not Predict Chronic Exposure Impacts

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 9444-9452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrah A. Arndt ◽  
Maika Moua ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Rebecca D. Klaper
Keyword(s):  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Core Structure

scholarly journals Nanocomposites for Enhanced Osseointegration of Dental and Orthopedic Implants Revisited: Surface Functionalization by Carbon Nanomaterial Coatings

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Moon Sung Kang ◽  
Jong Ho Lee ◽  
Suck Won Hong ◽  
Jong Hun Lee ◽  
Dong-Wook Han
Keyword(s):  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Electrochemical Coatings ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Clinical Potential

Over the past few decades, carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanofibers, nanocrystalline diamonds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanodots, and graphene and its derivatives, have gained the attention of bioengineers and medical researchers as they possess extraordinary physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Recently, surface functionalization with carbon nanomaterials in dental and orthopedic implants has emerged as a novel strategy for reinforcement and as a bioactive cue due to their potential for osseointegration. Numerous developments in fabrication and biological studies of carbon nanostructures have provided various novel opportunities to expand their application to hard tissue regeneration and restoration. In this minireview, the recent research trends in surface functionalization of orthopedic and dental implants with coating carbon nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, some seminal methodologies for physicomechanical and electrochemical coatings are discussed. In conclusion, it is shown that further development of surface functionalization with carbon nanomaterials may provide innovative results with clinical potential for improved osseointegration after implantation.

Surface functionalization of carbon nanomaterials by self-assembling hydrophobin proteins

Biopolymers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenrong Yang ◽  
Qin Ren ◽  
Ya-Na Wu ◽  
Vanessa K. Morris ◽  
Anthony A. Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Self Assembling

Potential applications of carbon nanomaterials in oil recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
V.M. Shamilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Carbon nanomaterials and compositions containing them are attracting increased attention. The high variety of carbon nanomaterials structures and morphologies as well as the simplicity of its surface functionalization, make it possible to effectively select the nanomaterial properties for the target task. The presented study provides an overview of the oil industry stages and shows the main directions of using nanotechnology in them. The main attention is focused on the trends of carbon nanomaterials (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes and graphene-like materials) applications in the petroleum extraction stage (drilling and enhanced oil recovery processes).

Tumor photothermolysis: using carbon nanomaterials for cancer therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Sawdon ◽  
Ethan Weydemeyer ◽  
Ching-An Peng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Surrounding Healthy Tissue

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties based solely on their small size, which makes them ideal for nano-oncology. While there have been tremendous advances in the current treatment of high-risk cancers, conventional treatment still causes harm to the surrounding healthy tissue. Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, and graphenes have been increasingly used in the field of cancer photothermal therapy. Through surface functionalization, carbon nanomaterials can be specifically targeted to the tumorous tissue allowing for an increase in therapeutic potential. The unique photo-electron transfer features of carbon nanomaterials coupled with functional moieties, is proving useful for their use in the photothermolysis of cancer cells.

scholarly journals Recent development of carbon quantum dots regarding their optical properties, photoluminescence mechanism, and core structure

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4634-4652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan J. Mintz ◽  
Yiqun Zhou ◽  
Roger M. Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
New Class ◽  
Photoluminescence Mechanism

Carbon quantum dots (CDs) are a relatively new class of carbon nanomaterials which have been studied very much in the last fifteen years to improve their already favorable properties.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Biological Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Hak-Sung Jung ◽  
Keir C. Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
New Class ◽  
Fluorescent Nanodiamonds

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that offer great promise for biological applications such as cell labeling, imaging, and sensing due to their exceptional optical properties and biocompatibility. Implementation of these applications requires reliable and precise surface functionalization. Although diamonds are generally considered inert, they typically possess diverse surface groups that permit a range of different functionalization strategies. This review provides an overview of nanodiamond surface functionalization methods including homogeneous surface termination approaches (hydrogenation, halogenation, amination, oxidation, and reduction), in addition to covalent and non-covalent surface modification with different functional moieties. Furthermore, the subsequent coupling of biomolecules onto functionalized nanodiamonds is reviewed. Finally, biomedical applications of nanodiamonds are discussed in the context of functionalization.

scholarly journals Potential of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Dental Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Moon Sung Kang ◽  
Hee Jeong Jang ◽  
Seok Hyun Lee ◽  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
Hyo Jung Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Dental Tissue Engineering ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Clinical Potential

While conventional dental implants focus on mechanical properties, recent advances in functional carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) accelerated the facilitation of functionalities including osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osseointegration. The surface functionalization with CNMs in dental implants has emerged as a novel strategy for reinforcement and as a bioactive cue due to their potential for mechanical reinforcing, osseointegration, and antimicrobial properties. Numerous developments in the fabrication and biological studies of CNMs have provided various opportunities to expand their application to dental regeneration and restoration. In this review, we discuss the advances in novel dental implants with CNMs in terms of tissue engineering, including material combination, coating strategies, and biofunctionalities. We present a brief overview of recent findings and progression in the research to show the promising aspect of CNMs for dental implant application. In conclusion, it is shown that further development of surface functionalization with CNMs may provide innovative results with clinical potential for improved osseointegration after implantation.

Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

The Effect of Vitamin A on the Intermittent Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Exposure in Hamsters

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
J.C.S. Kim ◽  
M.G. Jourden ◽  
E.S. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intermittent Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis A ◽  
Gas Exposure

Chronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide in rodents has shown that injury reaches a maximum after 24 hours, and a reparative adaptive phase follows (1). Damage occurring in the terminal bronchioles and proximal portions of the alveolar ducts in rats has been extensively studied by both light and electron microscopy (1).The present study was undertaken to compare the response of lung tissue to intermittent exposure to 10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide gas for 4 hours per week, while the hamsters were on a vitamin A deficient diet. Ultrastructural observations made from lung tissues obtained from non-gas exposed, hypovitaminosis A animals and gas exposed animals fed a regular commercially prepared diet have been compared to elucidate the specific effect of vitamin A on nitrogen dioxide gas exposure. The interaction occurring between vitamin A and nitrogen dioxide gas has not previously been investigated.

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