Long-Term Environmental Fate of Perfluorinated Compounds after Accidental Release at Toronto Airport

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (19) ◽  
pp. 8081-8089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Awad ◽  
Xianming Zhang ◽  
Satyendra P. Bhavsar ◽  
Steve Petro ◽  
Patrick W. Crozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Accidental Release

Perfluorinated Compounds’ Analysis, Environmental Fate and Occurrence: The Llobregat River as Case Study

2012 ◽  
pp. 193-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Llorca ◽  
Francisca Pérez ◽  
Marinella Farré ◽  
Yolanda Picó ◽  
Damià Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Llobregat River

scholarly journals Persistent, Ecotoxic and Bioaccumulative Compounds and their Possible Environmental Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ballschmiter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Major Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pollutant Transfer ◽  
Environmental Compartments

The relationship between physicochemical properties, environmental distribution and effects of organochlorine compounds as a major class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are discussed. The environmental fate of a compound includes its transport and dispersion in the environment as well as its accumulation and transformation in defined environmental compartments. Accumulation and transformation as the result of environmental distribution may have long-term consequences; this is indicated by the ultimate accumulation and long-term bioactivity of several widely spread organochlorines, and is clearly evident in the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere.Depending on the order of trophic levelsbiomagnifiaction factors of 10,000 up to 100,000 are encountered for persistentsemivolatile organochlorines such as 4,4'-DDE, PCB congeners or some Toxapheneconstituents. Mammals show intra-species pollutant transfer during thelactation period. While the mother animal is partly depleting its bodyburden, the calve accumulates in a critical period of its life via themilk a concentrated input of persistent organochlorines. A similar depletionphenomenon is also found for fish and crustacean which enrich in the eggsa substantial part of the accumulated body burden of the female.The air skimming of semivolatiles by plantsurfaces leads to surprisingly high levels of pollutants in the uppersoil layers of forests that otherwise would be considered pristine interms of human activities.

scholarly journals Genetic Barcodes for Improved Environmental Tracking of an Anthrax Simulant

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (23) ◽  
pp. 8272-8280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Buckley ◽  
Bryan Rivers ◽  
Sarah Katoski ◽  
Michael H. Kim ◽  
F. Joseph Kragl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genetic Signatures ◽  
Isogenic Strains ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Long Term Studies

ABSTRACTThe development of realistic risk models that predict the dissemination, dispersion and persistence of potential biothreat agents have utilized nonpathogenic surrogate organisms such asBacillus atrophaeussubsp.globigiior commercial products such asBacillus thuringiensissubsp.kurstaki. Comparison of results from outdoor tests under different conditions requires the use of genetically identical strains; however, the requirement for isogenic strains limits the ability to compare other desirable properties, such as the behavior in the environment of the same strain prepared using different methods. Finally, current methods do not allow long-term studies of persistence or reaerosolization in test sites where simulants are heavily used or in areas whereB. thuringiensissubsp.kurstakiis applied as a biopesticide. To create a set of genetically heterogeneous yet phenotypically indistinguishable strains so that variables intrinsic to simulations (e.g., sample preparation) can be varied and the strains can be tested under otherwise identical conditions, we have developed a strategy of introducing small genetic signatures (“barcodes”) into neutral regions of the genome. The barcodes are stable over 300 generations and do not impactin vitrogrowth or sporulation. Each barcode contains common and specific tags that allow differentiation of marked strains from wild-type strains and from each other. Each tag is paired with specific real-time PCR assays that facilitate discrimination of barcoded strains from wild-type strains and from each other. These uniquely barcoded strains will be valuable tools for research into the environmental fate of released organisms by providing specific artificial detection signatures.

scholarly journals Dual-Element Isotope Analysis of Desphenylchloridazon to Investigate Its Environmental Fate in a Systematic Field Study: A Long-Term Lysimeter Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 3929-3939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Melsbach ◽  
Clara Torrentó ◽  
Violaine Ponsin ◽  
Jakov Bolotin ◽  
Laurence Lachat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Systematic Field

scholarly journals Environmental fate of the anti-parasitic ivermectin in an aquatic micro-ecological system after a single oral administration

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Shaowu Li ◽  
Yongsheng Cao ◽  
Xue Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic System ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Fish Samples

Background Ivermectin (IVM) has been widely used in the aquaculture industry since its efficacy against parasites. However, the degradation of IVM was very slow in aquatic environments and the environmental fate of IVM in a complete aquatic system was still not clear. Therefore, comparable studies in a complete aquatic system were merited and helped to elucidate the environmental fate and effects of IVM. Methods An aquatic micro-ecological system containing an aquatic environment (water and sediment) and aquatic organisms (invertebrates, aquatic plants and fish) was built to simulate the natural rearing conditions. A single dose of 0.3 mg kg−1 body weight of IVM was given to the fish by oral gavage. Water, sediment, the roots and leaves of the aquatic plants, the soft tissue of the invertebrates and the visceral mass and muscle of fish samples were collected at 0.5 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days and 70 days after the treatment. IVM concentration in each sample was determined using ELISA method. Results IVM was quickly and widely distributed into the whole aquatic system in one day, and then was highly accumulated in organisms resulting in long-term residues. IVM was exchanged multiple times between the different media, which caused continuous fluctuations in the concentration of IVM in the water and sediment. It was worth noting that there was a second peak value of IVM in the fish and invertebrates after 30 days. The environmental fate of the IVM in the aquatic micro-ecological system showed that the drug was transferred from the fish to aquatic plants in the first seven days, and then gathered in the water and sediment, finally accumulating in the invertebrates. Our results indicated that an effective aquatic micro-ecological system was successfully established, and it could be applied to the study the environmental fate of IVM, which will aid the scientific use of this anti-parasitic agent during aquaculture.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet photo-oxidation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coatings on gold nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1866-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey M. Louie ◽  
Justin M. Gorham ◽  
Jiaojie Tan ◽  
Vincent A. Hackley
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Photo Oxidation

This study identifies photo-transformations of polyvinylpyrrolidone coatings on gold nanoparticles and evaluates implications for the long-term environmental fate of nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Dissolution-Desorption Dynamics of Strontium During Elution Following Evaporation: pH and Ionic Strength Effects

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
William C. Weaver ◽  
Tohren C. G. Kibbey ◽  
Charalambos Papelis
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Strontium 90 ◽  
Plutonium Production ◽  
Strontium Cation

Radioactive strontium-90 (90Sr2+) is a fission byproduct of uranium and plutonium production, and therefore understanding its environmental fate is of particular importance for predicting the evolution of long-term risk from historical releases. The nonradioactive strontium cation, Sr2+, is a chemical analog for 90Sr2+ that is often used in studies designed to understand the environmental behaviors of 90Sr2+. The focus of this work was on understanding the dynamics of remobilization of strontium following evaporation to dryness in porous media. Evaporation is ubiquitous in the unsaturated zone, and has the potential to significantly impact the dynamics of transport by driving adsorption or precipitation on solid surfaces. For this work, a series of transport experiments were conducted examining the behavior of strontium over a range of pH values, ionic strengths, and concentrations. Saturated transport experiments were conducted, followed by experiments designed to examine the release and transport following evaporation to dryness. Results show increasing saturated retardation with increasing pH, decreasing ionic strength, and decreasing concentration, with the concentration exhibiting the strongest effect. Breakthrough curves at low concentrations were also found to be consistent with significant rate-limited desorption. Remobilization elution curves measured following evaporation to dryness exhibited the high initial effluent concentrations, exceeding the influent strontium concentration, most likely caused by the initial dissolution and accumulation of strontium by the advancing solution. Concentrations at later times were found to be largely consistent with the dynamics of saturated transport for the systems studied.

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