Indicators for the Exposure Assessment of Transformation Products of Organic Micropollutants

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 2445-2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Gasser ◽  
Kathrin Fenner ◽  
Martin Scheringer
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Organic Micropollutants

High-Throughput Identification of Microbial Transformation Products of Organic Micropollutants

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (17) ◽  
pp. 6621-6627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian E. Helbling ◽  
Juliane Hollender ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
Heinz Singer ◽  
Kathrin Fenner
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Organic Micropollutants

Wastewater treatment – adsorption of organic micropollutants on activated HTC-carbon derived from sewage sludge

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kirschhöfer ◽  
Olga Sahin ◽  
Gero C. Becker ◽  
Florian Meffert ◽  
Michael Nusser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Organic micropollutants (MPs), in particular xenobiotics and their transformation products, have been detected in the aquatic environment and the main sources of these MPs are wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, an additional cleaning step is necessary. The use of activated carbon (AC) is one approach to providing this additional cleaning. Industrial AC derived from different carbonaceous materials is predominantly produced in low-income countries by polluting processes. In contrast, AC derived from sewage sludge by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a regional and sustainable alternative, based on waste material. Our experiments demonstrate that the HTC-AC from sewage sludge was able to remove most of the applied MPs. In fact more than 50% of sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and bezafibrate were removed from artificial water samples. With the same approach carbamazepine was eliminated to nearly 70% and atrazine more than 80%. In addition a pre-treated (phosphorus-reduced) HTC-AC was able to eliminate 80% of carbamazepine and diclofenac. Atrazine, sulfamethoxazole and bezafibrate were removed to more than 90%. Experiments using real wastewater samples with high organic content (11.1 g m−3) succeeded in proving the adsorption capability of phosphorus-reduced HTC-AC.

scholarly journals Exploring micropollutant biotransformation in three freshwater phytoplankton species

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Stravs ◽  
Francesco Pomati ◽  
Juliane Hollender
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Products ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Freshwater Phytoplankton

Biotransformation was studied for 24 organic micropollutants in three phytoplankton species, revealing 14 transformation products for 10 compounds.

scholarly journals Removal of Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Treated by Activated Sludge and Constructed Wetlands: A Comparative Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Reyes Contreras ◽  
Daniela López ◽  
Ana M. Leiva ◽  
Carmen Domínguez ◽  
Josep M. Bayona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The aim of this study is to compare the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater by activated sludge (AS) and constructed wetlands (CWs). This analysis was carried out in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of a rural community where they implemented two technologies in parallel: AS and a pilot plant of horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands. In this case, these systems were fed by the same influent and the removal efficiencies of 14 OMPs, including analgesics/anti-inflammatories, anticonvulsants, stimulants, antifungals, fragrances, plasticizers, and transformation products, were evaluated in each system. Regarding the presence of OMPs in the wastewater, the concentrations of these compounds in the influent ranged from 0.16 to 7.75 µg/L. In general, the removal efficiencies achieved by the AS system were between 10%–95% higher than those values reported by HSSFs with values above 80% for naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, caffeine, triclosan, methyl dihydrojasmonate, bisphenol-A, 2-hydroxyl ibuprofen, and carboxy ibuprofen (p < 0.05). This behavior can be related to the aerobic conditions that promote the AS system with oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) values above −281 mV and 0.24 mg/L, respectively. However, the removal of galaxolide was greater in HSSF system than in AS with significant difference of 70% (p < 0.05). Despite these results, this study reveals that comparing both technologies, AS had the best removal performance of these OMPs studied.

scholarly journals A strategic screening approach to identify transformation products of organic micropollutants formed in natural waters

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Sarit L. Kaserzon ◽  
Merle M. Plassmann ◽  
Anna Sobek ◽  
María José Gómez Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Screening Approach

Many transformation products (TPs) from organic micropollutants are not included in routine environmental monitoring programs due to limited knowledge of their occurrence and fate.

Granular bainite or granular ferrite? A preliminary TEM investigation of an HSLA-100 steel

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
R. Varughese ◽  
S. W. Thompson ◽  
P. R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Granular Bainite ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Micrograph ◽  
Multiphase Reaction ◽  
Detailed Nature

Ever since Habraken and Economopoulos first employed the term granular bainite to classify certain unconventional transformation products in continuously cooled steels, the term has been widely accepted and used, despite the lack of a clear consensus as to the detailed nature of the transformation products which constitute granular bainite. This paper presents the preliminary results of a TEM investigation of an 0.04 wt% C, copper-containing steel (designated HSLA-100). It is suggested that the term granular ferrite rather than granular bainite is a more accurate description of this multiphase reaction product.Figure 1 is a light micrograph of a sample which had been air-cooled from 900°C to room temperature. The microstructure is typical of that which has been termed granular bainite in the past and appears to consist of equiaxed ferritic grains together with other minor transformation products. In order to examine these structures in more detail, both continuously cooled and isothermally transformed and quenched materials have been examined with TEM. Granular bainite has been found in virtually all samples.

Measuring “Language Access Profiles” in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children With the DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Hall ◽  
Stephanie De Anda
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Language Access ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose The purposes of this study were (a) to introduce “language access profiles” as a viable alternative construct to “communication mode” for describing experience with language input during early childhood for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; (b) to describe the development of a new tool for measuring DHH children's language access profiles during infancy and toddlerhood; and (c) to evaluate the novelty, reliability, and validity of this tool. Method We adapted an existing retrospective parent report measure of early language experience (the Language Exposure Assessment Tool) to make it suitable for use with DHH populations. We administered the adapted instrument (DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool [D-LEAT]) to the caregivers of 105 DHH children aged 12 years and younger. To measure convergent validity, we also administered another novel instrument: the Language Access Profile Tool. To measure test–retest reliability, half of the participants were interviewed again after 1 month. We identified groups of children with similar language access profiles by using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results The D-LEAT revealed DHH children's diverse experiences with access to language during infancy and toddlerhood. Cluster analysis groupings were markedly different from those derived from more traditional grouping rules (e.g., communication modes). Test–retest reliability was good, especially for the same-interviewer condition. Content, convergent, and face validity were strong. Conclusions To optimize DHH children's developmental potential, stakeholders who work at the individual and population levels would benefit from replacing communication mode with language access profiles. The D-LEAT is the first tool that aims to measure this novel construct. Despite limitations that future work aims to address, the present results demonstrate that the D-LEAT represents progress over the status quo.

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