Comparing Nafion and Ceramic Separators Used in Electrochemical Purification of Spent Chromium Plating Solutions:  Cationic Impurity Removal and Transport

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1992-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Lin Huang ◽  
Thomas M. Holsen ◽  
Tse-Chuan Chou ◽  
J. Robert Selman
Keyword(s):  
Impurity Removal ◽  
Chromium Plating ◽  
Cationic Impurity

Fine liquor colour: how does it affect energy, capacity and sugar losses?

2015 ◽  
pp. 375-378
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Vawda ◽  
Emmanuel M. Sarir ◽  
Carlos Andrés Donado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Capacity ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Impurity Removal ◽  
Process Operations ◽  
Fuel Costs

Impurity removal by separation and crystallisation are the most important process operations in a refinery. This paper studies the main separation processes, namely clarification, decolourisation and crystallisation to demonstrate where poor separation contributes to excessive costs of processing. The results of various tests are analysed and conclusions are made for refiners to manage their chemical and fuel costs.

Evaluation of Alternate Impurity Removal Getters - Year 2

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. James ◽  
Gregg A. Morgan, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Impurity Removal

scholarly journals The Hybrid Process of Low-Pressure Carburizing and Metallization (Cr + LPC, Al + LPC) of 17CrNiMo7-6 and 10NiCrMo13-5 Steels

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Paulina Kowalczyk ◽  
Konrad Dybowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Januszewicz ◽  
Radomir Atraszkiewicz ◽  
Marcin Makówka
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Chromium Plating

This paper presents the concept of modification of physicochemical properties of steels by simultaneous diffusion saturation with carbon and chromium or aluminum. The application of a hybrid surface treatment process consisting of a combination of aluminizing and low-pressure carburizing (Al + LPC) resulted in a reduction in the amount of retained austenite in the surface layer of the steel. While the use of chromium plating and low-pressure carburizing (Cr + LPC) induced an improvement in the corrosion resistance of the carburized steels. It is of particular importance in case of vacuum processes after the application of which the active surface corrodes easily, as well as in case of carburizing of low-alloy steel with nickel, where an increased content of retained austenite in the surface layer is found after carburizing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Addition Agents on the Appearance of Black Chromium Plating

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo ISHIDA ◽  
Yasuo NODA ◽  
Hideya OKADA
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Plating
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