New Peat Bog Record of Atmospheric Lead Pollution in Switzerland:  Pb Concentrations, Enrichment Factors, Isotopic Composition, and Organolead Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (18) ◽  
pp. 3893-3900 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Shotyk ◽  
D. Weiss ◽  
M. Heisterkamp ◽  
A. K. Cheburkin ◽  
P. G. Appleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Lead Pollution

scholarly journals Interpreting 14C Measurements on 3rd–4th Century AD Iron Artifacts from Nydam, Denmark

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1517-1529
Author(s):  
C Matthias Hüls ◽  
John Meadows ◽  
Andreas Rau
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Carbon Dissolution ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Common Effect ◽  
Iron Artifacts ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) ages were determined for 10 iron samples from the war booty offering site in the Nydam peat bog (SE Denmark), and compared to archaeologically inferred periods of deposition. Additional 14C measurements were carried out for modern iron standards made with charcoal of known isotopic composition to evaluate possible effects of handling. Modern iron standards give depleted 14C concentrations, compared to the initial charcoal 14C composition, and may indicate carbon fractionation effects during carbon dissolution in the iron lattice. Further studies are needed to verify if this is a common effect during iron production. 14C dating of two swords and one ax head are in comparatively good agreement with expected deposition times and indicate only small old-wood effects. In contrast, 14C dating of iron rivets from the Nydam (B) oak boat proved difficult due to corrosion with siderite (FeCO3) and conservation with wax. A step-combustion procedure was applied, using a low (∼570–600°C) temperature prior to the high (∼970–1000°C) combustion temperature for carbon extraction, aiming to remove siderite and wax before collecting the original carbon dissolved in the iron lattice. Nevertheless, measured 14C ages of the iron rivets differ by about 200–300 years from the dendro-date of the Nydam (B) oak boat they belong to, indicating persisting aging effects (e.g. old-wood, contamination with fossil carbon added during iron making and/or handling prior 14C dating). Also, a possible recycling of older iron cannot be excluded.

Atmospheric lead pollution of grass grown in a background area in Denmark

Nature ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 280 (5721) ◽  
pp. 425-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENS CHR. TJELL ◽  
MADS F. HOVMAND ◽  
HANS MOSBÆK
Keyword(s):  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Lead Pollution ◽  
Background Area

Atmospheric Pb Deposition since the Industrial Revolution Recorded by Five Swiss Peat Profiles:  Enrichment Factors, Fluxes, Isotopic Composition, and Sources

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1340-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Weiss ◽  
William Shotyk ◽  
Peter G. Appleby ◽  
Jan D. Kramers ◽  
Andriy K. Cheburkin
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Enrichment Factors

Determination of atmospheric lead pollution of automotive origin

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2855-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Caridi ◽  
A.J. Kreiner ◽  
J. Davidson ◽  
M. Davidson ◽  
M. Debray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Lead Pollution

Atmospheric lead pollution in KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa

1996 ◽  
Vol 191 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J NRIAGU ◽  
C JINABHAI ◽  
R NAIDOO ◽  
A COUTSOUDIS
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Atmospheric Lead Pollution

Atmospheric Lead Pollution History during Four Millennia (2000 BC to 2000 AD) in Sweden

AMBIO ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Renberg ◽  
Maja-Lena Brännvall ◽  
Richard Bindler ◽  
Ove Emteryd
Keyword(s):  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Pollution History ◽  
Atmospheric Lead Pollution

scholarly journals Radiocarbon and Stable Carbon Analysis of Dissolved Methane and Carbon Dioxide from the Profile of a Raised Peat Bog

Radiocarbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Garnett ◽  
S M L Hardie ◽  
C Murray
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Carbon Analysis

We developed and tested a new method to separate CO2 and CH4 from bulk gas samples for radiocarbon and stable-carbon analysis that utilizes a zeolite molecular sieve. To validate the technique, tests were performed using a suite of standard gases, composed of CO2 and CH4 of distinctly different isotopic composition. We employed the method to investigate the carbon isotopic composition of samples of dissolved CO2 and CH4 collected in situ from the near surface to deep layers of an ombrotrophic raised peat bog. Results showed that the age of both the CO2 and CH4 components of the dissolved gases increased with depth from ≃0–300 BP at 0.25 m to ≃4000 BP at 4 m. CH4 was mainly similar or slightly older in age compared to CO2, with the greatest difference in ages occurring at 1 m depth where CH4 was older by 430–615 yr. The δ13C values of CO2 increased with depth from −12.4‰ and −8.0‰ at 0.25 m to +6.9‰ and +8.3‰ at 4 m, whereas the δ13C of CH4 stayed in the range −58.4‰ to −70.6‰. The 14C results from the deepest layers are consistent with a similar source for both gases. 14C ages for the CO2 component were younger compared to CH4, within the shallower depths of the peat bog (≤1 m) and demonstrate the incorporation of acrotelm-derived respired CO2 into the catotelm.

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