Chemical contaminants and hepatic lesions in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) from the northeast coast of the United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2759-2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndal L. Johnson ◽  
Carla M. Stehr ◽  
O. Paul Olson ◽  
Mark S. Myers ◽  
Susan M. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Northeast Coast

scholarly journals Genomic Variation and Evolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST36 over the Course of a Transcontinental Epidemic Expansion

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Martinez-Urtaza ◽  
Ronny van Aerle ◽  
Michel Abanto ◽  
Julie Haendiges ◽  
Robert A. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeast Coast

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related infections with illnesses undergoing a geographic expansion. In this process of expansion, the most fundamental change has been the transition from infections caused by local strains to the surge of pandemic clonal types. Pandemic clone sequence type 3 (ST3) was the only example of transcontinental spreading until 2012, when ST36 was detected outside the region where it is endemic in the U.S. Pacific Northwest causing infections along the U.S. northeast coast and Spain. Here, we used genome-wide analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the V. parahaemolyticus ST36 clone over the course of its geographic expansion during the previous 25 years. The origin of this lineage was estimated to be in ~1985. By 1995, a new variant emerged in the region and quickly replaced the old clone, which has not been detected since 2000. The new Pacific Northwest (PNW) lineage was responsible for the first cases associated with this clone outside the Pacific Northwest region. After several introductions into the northeast coast, the new PNW clone differentiated into a highly dynamic group that continues to cause illness on the northeast coast of the United States. Surprisingly, the strains detected in Europe in 2012 diverged from this ancestral group around 2000 and have conserved genetic features present only in the old PNW lineage. Recombination was identified as the major driver of diversification, with some preliminary observations suggesting a trend toward a more specialized lifestyle, which may represent a critical element in the expansion of epidemics under scenarios of coastal warming. IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae represent the only two instances of pandemic expansions of human pathogens originating in the marine environment. However, while the current pandemic of V. cholerae emerged more than 50 years ago, the global expansion of V. parahaemolyticus is a recent phenomenon. These modern expansions provide an exceptional opportunity to study the evolutionary process of these pathogens at first hand and gain an understanding of the mechanisms shaping the epidemic dynamics of these diseases, in particular, the emergence, dispersal, and successful introduction in new regions facilitating global spreading of infections. In this study, we used genomic analysis to examine the evolutionary divergence that has occurred over the course of the most recent transcontinental expansion of a pathogenic Vibrio, the spreading of the V. parahaemolyticus sequence type 36 clone from the region where it is endemic on the Pacific coast of North America to the east coast of the United States and finally to the west coast of Europe. IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae represent the only two instances of pandemic expansions of human pathogens originating in the marine environment. However, while the current pandemic of V. cholerae emerged more than 50 years ago, the global expansion of V. parahaemolyticus is a recent phenomenon. These modern expansions provide an exceptional opportunity to study the evolutionary process of these pathogens at first hand and gain an understanding of the mechanisms shaping the epidemic dynamics of these diseases, in particular, the emergence, dispersal, and successful introduction in new regions facilitating global spreading of infections. In this study, we used genomic analysis to examine the evolutionary divergence that has occurred over the course of the most recent transcontinental expansion of a pathogenic Vibrio, the spreading of the V. parahaemolyticus sequence type 36 clone from the region where it is endemic on the Pacific coast of North America to the east coast of the United States and finally to the west coast of Europe.

Retention of Chemical Contaminants by Glass, Polyethylene, and Polycarbonate Multiuse Milk Containers

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. LANDSBERG ◽  
F. W. BODYFELT ◽  
M. E. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Glass Containers ◽  
Household Chemicals

Glass, polyethylene, and polycarbonate mulituse milk containers were treated with 29 common household chemicals to simulate consumer abuse. Of the three container materials, glass was the easiest to clean and was most resistant to retention of treatment contaminants. The in-line contamination detection device allowed nine treated polyethylene containers and five treated polycarbonate containers to pass undetected. These each held sufficient contaminant to produce an off-odor in milk later placed in the treated container. Gas chromatographic analyses of volatile constituents present in treated, emptied, and washed polyethylene and polycarbonate containers showed compounds that were not present in the untreated containers. Virtually no volatile compounds were detected in either the treated or untreated glass containers. Chlordane residues of 0.007, 24 and 14.6 ppm were recovered from milk placed in glass, polyethylene, and polycarbonate containers, which had been contaminated with full strength chlordane, rinsed, washed, and refilled with milk. Neither the polyethylene nor the polycarbonate multiuse milk container appear to comply with the Grade “A” Pasteurized Milk Ordinance — 1965 Recommendations of the United States Public Health Service.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of phytoplankton community composition along the northeast coast of the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 3731-3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoju Pan ◽  
Antonio Mannino ◽  
Harold G. Marshall ◽  
Katherine C. Filippino ◽  
Margaret R. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Composition ◽  
Northeast Coast

Spatial and temporal distribution of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) along the northeast coast of the United States, 1985–1999

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Radlinski ◽  
Miles A. Sundermeyer ◽  
James J. Bisagni ◽  
Steven X. Cadrin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Northeast Coast

Abstract Radlinski, M. K., Sundermeyer, M. A., Bisagni, J. J., and Cadrin, S. X. 2013. Spatial and temporal distribution of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) along the northeast coast of the United States, 1985–1999. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1151–1161. The distribution of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during their spring migration along the Mid-Atlantic Bight and into the Gulf of Maine has historically been associated with spring warming along the continental shelf. Variations in mackerel distributions based on National Marine Fisheries Service spring surveys were compared with variations in sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite remote sensing for the eastern US continental shelf for the period 1985–1999. The mackerel stock was first analysed as a unit, then separated into three size classes to assess differences in distribution among years and individuals of various lengths. Results showed an across-shelf correlation between catch and March SST in the Mid-Atlantic Bight for both the entire population and each size class. Along-shelf catch variations were correlated with SST for large mackerel, but not total stock or smaller size classes. Finally, the distribution of mackerel length in the Gulf of Maine was negatively correlated with March SST in the Great South Channel. Results suggest surface temperature along the northeast continental shelf may be used to predict certain, but not all, aspects of annual migration along the shelf, and that factors in addition to temperature are also important in controlling distributions of Atlantic mackerel.

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