Detection of Estrogen- and Dioxin-like Activity in Pulp and Paper Mill Black Liquor and Effluent Using in vitro Recombinant Receptor/Reporter Gene Assays

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 2140-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Zacharewski ◽  
Kiflu. Berhane ◽  
Bradley E. Gillesby ◽  
B. Kent. Burnison
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Recombinant Receptor ◽  
Reporter Gene Assays

Assessing the estrogenic and dio×in-like activities of chemicals and comple× mi×tures using in vitro recombinant receptor–reporter gene assays

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Balaguer ◽  
Annick Joyeu× ◽  
Michael S. Denison ◽  
Renaud Vincent ◽  
Bradley E. Gillesby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Recombinant Receptor ◽  
Reporter Gene Assays

Masculinization of Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia) and Exposure to Pulp and Paper Discharge: Diminished Responses Following Mill Process Modifications

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Noggle ◽  
Timothy S. Gross ◽  
Stewart E. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Index Ratio ◽  
Mill Process

Abstract The abnormal induction of anal fin elongation (masculinization) in female Gambusia was first reported in the 1980s for Florida streams receiving pulp and paper effluents. Although these early reports indicated masculinization responses that were similar to the complete development of a gonopodium (male secondary sex structure), additional evaluations throughout the 1990s demonstrated significant reductions in this response. These historic data suggested that mill process modifications may have been responsible for the reduced masculinization responses. The objective of the current study was to utilize Georgia Pacifics Palatka Mill to monitor a series of mill process modifications and their effects on masculinization responses in Mosquitofish (Gambusia). Gambusia were collected from upstream, discharge, and downstream sites in the Palatka Mill receiving stream (Rice Creek) and masculinization was evaluated. Collections were conducted annually during 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009, before and after a series of modifications which included: conversion to elemental chlorine free bleaching, conversion of secondary treatment to aerobic degradation, reduction of in-mill black liquor losses, addition of condensate stripping, reduction in water usage from 136 to 83 million litres per day (36 to 22 million gallons per day), installation of new brown stock washers, and oxygen delignification. Masculinization responses were evaluated using the anal fin index (ratio or anal fin rays 4 and 6). Reductions in this masculinization response were observed gradually across 1999 through 2009, with an absence of response in female Gambusia during 2004, 2006, and 2008 to 2009. These data indicate that pulp and paper mill upgrades and process modifications have resulted in the elimination of this biological response in Gambusia.

In vitro androgenicity in pulp and paper mill effluents

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Svenson ◽  
Ann-Sofie Allard
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents

Assessing the estrogenic and dioxin-like activities of chemicals and complex mixtures using in vitro recombinant receptor–reporter gene assays

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Balaguer ◽  
Annick Joyeux ◽  
Michael S Denison ◽  
Renaud Vincent ◽  
Bradley E Gillesby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Recombinant Receptor ◽  
Reporter Gene Assays

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills - Part I: Potential for debottlenecking

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Process Strategy

Depending on the process strategy employed, implementation of the biorefinery into an existing pulp and paper mill can often help with process debottlenecking, and enable increased pulp and paper production capacity. Many biorefinery process options also offer the opportunity for bioproducts manufacturing and/or fossil fuel replacement. In this paper, the implementation of two biorefinery processes is examined from the perspective of process debottlenecking at a sodium carbonate-based semichemical pulp and paper mill: (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor by acidification with CO2, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. The recovery cycle, which includes a Copeland fluidized bed reactor, is the main pulp production bottleneck. Also, pulp quality improvements are possible, which would be achieved by lowering pulp yield. In Part I of this paper, biorefinery implementation uncertainties were identified and the potential for recovery debottlenecking and maximum paper production attainable were evaluated. In Part II, the economic evaluation and comparison of the selected biorefinery process options in the context of process debottlenecking are presented. The results show that for the case study mill, the hemicellulose pre-extraction process gives opportunity for higher paper production and paper quality improvement. It allows for a production increase of about 20%, as well as lowering the pulp yield from 85% to 79%. With lignin precipitation, it was found that a 15% paper production increase could be possible if the pulp yield is kept constant.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Agro-Based Pulp Mill Effluent by Microbial Consortium Comprising Autochthonous Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Purnima Dhall ◽  
Rita Kumar ◽  
Yogendra Prakash Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Paper Mills

Small-scale agro-based pulp and paper mills are characterized as highly polluting industries. These mills use Kraft pulping process for paper manufacturing due to which toxic lignified chemicals are released into the environment. Lack of infrastructure, technical manpower, and research and development facilities restricts these mills to recover these chemicals. Therefore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the emanating stream is quite high. For solving the above problem, four bacteria were isolated from the premises of agro-based pulp and paper mill which were identified as species ofPseudomonas, Bacillus, Pannonibacter, andOchrobacterum. These bacteria were found capable of reducing COD up to 85%–86.5% in case of back water and 65-66% in case of back water : black liquor (60 : 40), respectively, after acclimatization under optimized conditions (pH 6.8, temperature 35°C, and shaking 200 rpm) when the wastewater was supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus as trace elements.

scholarly journals Pulp and paper mill wastes: utilizations and prospects for high value-added biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adane Haile ◽  
Gemeda Gebino Gelebo ◽  
Tamrat Tesfaye ◽  
Wassie Mengie ◽  
Million Ayele Mebrate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills

AbstractA wide variety of biomass is available all around the world. Most of the biomass exists as a by-product from manufacturing industries. Pulp and paper mills contribute to a higher amount of these biomasses mostly discarded in the landfills creating an environmental burden. Biomasses from other sources have been used to produce different kinds and grades of biomaterials such as those used in industrial and medical applications. The present review aims to investigate the availability of biomass from pulp and paper mills and show sustainable routes for the production of high value-added biomaterials. The study reveals that using conventional and integrated biorefinery technology the ample variety and quantity of waste generated from pulp and paper mills can be converted into wealth. As per the findings of the current review, it is shown that high-performance carbon fiber and bioplastic can be manufactured from black liquor of pulping waste; the cellulosic waste from sawdust and sludge can be utilized for the synthesis of CNC and regenerated fibers such as viscose rayon and acetate; the mineral-based pulping wastes and fly ash can be used for manufacturing of different kinds of biocomposites. The different biomaterials obtained from the pulp and paper mill biomass can be used for versatile applications including conventional, high performance, and smart materials. Through customization and optimization of the conversion techniques and product manufacturing schemes, a variety of engineering materials can be obtained from pulp and paper mill wastes realizing the current global waste to wealth developmental approach.

Evaluation of the anaerobic degradation of black liquor from a Kraft pulp plant with addition of organic co-substrates

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
A. P. Buzzini ◽  
I. K. Sakamoto ◽  
M. B. Varesche ◽  
E. C. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Qualitative Effect

The purpose of this study was to assess the anaerobic degradation of black liquor with and without additional carbon sources. Batch experiments were conducted using black liquor, from an integrated pulp and paper mill adding ethanol, methanol and nutrients. The PCR/DGGE technique was used to characterize the structure of the microbial community. The addition of extra sources of carbon did not significantly influence the degradation of black liquor under the conditions evaluated and the microbial community was similar in all experiments. It was observed an increase in some members of the archaeal in reactors that had the best efficiencies for removal of black liquor (around 7.5%). Either ethanol or methanol can be used as co-substrates because the produce the same quantitative and qualitative effect.

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